Q . Epithets of Gautama Buddha

With reference to ancient India, Gautama Buddha was generally known by which of the following epithets?
 1. Nayaputta
 2. Shakyamuni
 3. Tathagata
 Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1, 2 and 3
d) None of the above are epithets of Gautama Buddha
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

"Souls are not only the property of animal and plant life, but also of rocks, running water and many other natural objects not looked on as living by other religious sects." The above statement reflects one of the core beliefs of which one of the following religious sects of ancient India?

a) Buddhism
b) Jainism
c) Shaivism
d) Vaishnavism
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

In which one of the following regions was Dhanyakataka, which flourished as a prominent Buddhist centre under the Mahasanghikas, located?

a) Andhra
b) Gandhara
c) Kalinga
d) Magadha
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

With reference to Indian History, consider the following pairs: Historical person — Known as 1. Aryadeva — Jaina scholar 2. Dignaga — Buddhist scholar 3. Nathamuni — Vaishnava scholar How many pairs given above are correctly matched?

a) None of the pairs
b) Only one pair
c) Only two pairs
d) All three pairs
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The world’s second tallest statue in sitting pose of Ramanuja was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India at Hyderabad recently. Which one of the following statements correctly represents the teachings of Ramanuja?

a) The best means of salvation was devotion.
b) Vedas are eternal, self-existent and wholly authoritative.
c) Logical arguments were essential means for the highest bliss.
d) Salvation was to be obtained through meditation.
Answer: a
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  •   Questions on Ramanuja are asked in 2004, 1991, 1990, 1984 (twice), and 1979.
  •   The 2021 question can be solved even if you read these questions, and you know that Vaishnavism and Bhaktism talks about devotion as a mean for salvation.
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Q . Religion

With reference to the cultural history of India, consider the following pairs: 1. Parivrajaka - Renunciant and Wanderer 2. Shramana - Priest with a high status 3. Upasaka - Lay follower of Buddhism Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

With reference to the cultural history of India, which one of the following is the correct description of the term 'paramitas'?

a) The earliest Dharmashastra texts written in aphoristic (sutra) style
b) Philosophical schools that did not accept the authority of Vedas
c) Perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva path
d) Powerful merchant guilds of early medieval South India
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements : 1. Sthaviravadins belong to Mahayana Buddhism. 2. Lokottaravadin sect was an off shoot of Mahasanghika sect of Buddhism 3. The deification of Buddha by Mahasanghikas fostered the Mahayana Buddhism. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

Consider the following: 1. Deification of the Buddha 2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas 3. Image worship and rituals Which of the above is/are the feature/features of Mahayana Buddhism?

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements: 1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism. 2. Sarvastivadin held that the constituents of phenomena were not wholly momentary, but existed forever in a latent form. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

With reference to the cultural history of India, the memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories and Epictales was the profession of who of the following?

a) Shramana
b) Parivraajaka
c) Agrahaarika
d) Maagadha
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following pairs does not form part of the six systems of Indian Philosophy?

a) Mimamsa and Vedanta
b) Nyasa and Vaisheshika
c) Lokayata and Kapalika
d) Sankhya and Yoga
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with the life of the Buddha? 1. Avanti 2. Gandhara 3. Kosala 4. Magadha Select the correct answer using the code given below:

a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 and 4
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4
Answer: c
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Correct Answer: Option C: 3 and 4 only
 Explanation:
 The life of the Buddha is closely associated with the kingdoms of Kosala and Magadha. During his lifetime, the Buddha spent significant time in these regions, delivering teachings and gaining followers. 
Kosala was ruled by King Prasenajit, who was a contemporary of the Buddha, while Magadha was ruled by King Bimbisara and later by King Ajatashatru, both of whom were patrons of the Buddha. 
Although Avanti and Gandhara were prominent kingdoms during that era, they were not directly associated with the key events in the Buddha's life.
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Q . Religion

Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain doctrine? 1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice penance 2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul 3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: b
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  •   Buddhism stresses on avoidance of extremities of Penance and enjoyment.
  •   Jainism stresses on penance and extremism.
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Q . Religion

Lord Buddha’s image is sometimes shown with the hand gesture called ‘Bhumisparsha Mudra’. It symbolizes

a) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara and to prevent Mara from disturbing his meditation
b) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity and chastity despite the temptations of Mara
c) Buddha’s reminder to his followers that they all arise from the Earth and finally dissolve into the Earth, and thus this life is transitory
d) Both the statements (a) and (are correct in this context
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

The Jain philosophy holds that the world is created and maintained by

a) Universal Law
b) Universal Truth
c) Universal Faith
d) Universal Soul
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which one of the following?

a) Buddhism
b) Jainism
c) Sikhism
d) Vaishnavism
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

With reference to ancient Jainism, which one of the following statements is correct?

a) Jainism was spread in South India under the leadership of Sthulabahu
b) The Jainas who remained under the leadership of Bhadrabahu were called Shvetambaras after the council held at Pataliputra
c) Jainism enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king Kharavela in the first century BC
d) In the initial stage of Jainism, the Jainas worshipped images unlike Buddhists
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Consider the following statements: 1. Vardhaman Mahavira’s mother was the daughter of Lichchhavi chief Chetaka. 2. Gautama Buddha’s mother was a princess from the Kosalan dynasty. 3. Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara, belonged to Benaras. Which of these statements is/are correct?

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

In Ancient Indian Buddhist monasteries, a ceremony called Pavarana used to be held. It was the

a) occasion to elect the Sanghaparinayaka and two speakers, one on Dhamma and the other on Vinaya
b) confession by monks of their offence committed during their stay in the monasteries during the rainy season
c) ceremony of initiation of new person into the Buddhist Sangha in which the head is shaved and yellow robes are offered
d) gathering of Buddhist monks on the next day to the full moon day of Ashadha when they take up a fixed abode for the next four months of rainy season
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

The emphasis of Jainism on non-violence (ahimsa) prevented agriculturalists from embracing Jainism. R: Cultivation involved killing of insects and pests.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Who among the following was not sent to Lanka for the propagation of Buddhism?

a) Rashtriya
b) Bhadrasaro
c) Uttriya
d) Sona
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Match the columns: List 1 List 2 A. Rig Veda 1. Musical hymns B. Yajur Veda 2. Hymns and rituals C. Sama Veda 3. Charms and spells D. Atharva Veda 4. Hymns and prayers

a) 4 2 1 3
b) 3 2 4 1
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 2 3 1 4
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

a) Islam – Koran
b) Hinduism – Veda
c) Shintoism – Analects
d) Judaism – Torah
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Many of the Greeks Kushanas and Shakas embraced Buddhism rather than Hinduism because

a) Buddhism was in the ascendant at that time
b) they had renounced the policy of war and violence
c) caste-ridden Hinduism did not attract them
d) Buddhism provided easier access to Indian society
Answer: c
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  •   The Greeks, Kushanas and Shakas entered the subcontinent during the 2nd–4th century CE when Hinduism was at its peak.
  •   These were considered Mlechchas, or outsiders.
  •   Hinduism did not welcome admission of new people.
  •   Gradually some of the foreigners got incorporated into the lower varnas, but were never considered as Kshatria, the warrior class.
  •   Buddhism was open to embrace people.
During that period, it was gaining popularity among the common masses due to its moderate nature which was in contrast to the strict varna system.
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Q . Religion

Who among the following Bhakti leaders used the medium of dance and songs (Kirtans) to make one feel the personal presence of god near him?

a) Shankaradeva
b) Chandidasa
c) Jnanadeva
d) Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following is the most fundamental difference between Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism?

a) Emphasis on ahimsa
b) Casteless society
c) Worship of gods and goddesses
d) Worship of stupa
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The concept of Eight-fold path forms the theme of

a) Dipavamsa
b) Divyavadana
c) Mahaparinibban Sutta
d) Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara was also known as

a) Vajrapani
b) Manjusri
c) Padmapani
d) Maitreya
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

a) Guru Amar Das–Miri and Piri
b) Guru Arjun Dev–Adi Granth
c) Guru Ram Das–Dal Khalsa
d) Guru Gobind Singh–Manji
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? I. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment. II. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas III. Denial of efficacy of rituals IV. Non-injury to animal life Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Codes:

a) I, II, III and IV
b) II, III and IV
c) I, III and IV
d) I and II
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

In the context of ancient Indian society which one of the following terms does not belong to the category of the other three?

a) Kula
b) Vamsa
c) Kosa
d) Gotra
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Which of the following were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals 4. Non-injury to animal life Select the answer using the codes given below: Codes:

a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b) 2, 3 and 4
c) 1, 3, and 4
d) 1 and 2
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

According to the Mimamsa system of philosophy, liberation is possible by means of

a) Jnana
b) Bhakti
c) Yoga
d) Karma
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by

a) Mahayana Buddhism
b) Hinayana Buddhism
c) Jainism
d) Lokayata school
Answer: c
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  • The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by Jainism.
  • If monk follows ‘The five cardinal principles’ of Jainism, then it is called Mahavrata. If followed by a lay follower, then it is called Anuvrata.
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Q . Religion

Vidhushaka, a common character in Sanskrit drama, is invariably a

a) Brahmana
b) Kshatriya
c) Vaisya
d) Shudra
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

The name of the poet Kalidasa is mentioned in the

a) Allahabad pillar inscription
b) Aihole inscription
c) Alapadu grant
d) Hanumakonda inscription
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

According to the ancient Indian geographical concept, ‘Bharatvarsha’ was a part of

a) Pushkaradweepa
b) Jambudweepa
c) Kraunchadweepa
d) Kushdweepa
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following pairs of kings of ancient and medieval periods of Indian history and the works authored by them is correctly matched?

a) Krishnadevaraya: Samaranganasutradhara
b) Mahendravarman: Mattavilasaprahasana
c) Bhojadeva: Manasollasa
d) Somesvara: Amuktamalayada
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

Among the four works mentioned below which one is encyclopaedic in nature?

a) Amarakosa
b) Siddhantasiromani
c) Brhat Samhita
d) Ashtangahrdaya
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Who among the following is NOT associated with medicine in India?

a) Dhanvantri
b) Bhaskaracharya
c) Charaka
d) Susruta
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

The statue of Gomateswara at Sravanabelagola was built by

a) Chandragupta Maurya
b) Kharavela
c) Amoghavarsha
d) Chamundaraya
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following is the most fundamental difference between Mahayana Buddhism and Hinayana Buddhism?

a) Emphasis on ahimsa
b) Casteless society
c) Worship of gods and goddesses
d) Worship of stupa
Answer: c
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  •   Hinayana regards Buddha as a man, of extraordinary knowledge but not a divine entity hence, does not worship him.
  •   On the other hand, Mahayana believes in the divine qualities of Buddha and hence believes in Idol Worship.
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Q . Religion

The Buddhist sect Mahayana formally came into existence during the reign of

a) Ajatashatru
b) Ashoka
c) Dharmapala
d) Kanishka
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

In Jainism ‘perfect knowledge’ is referred to as

a) Jina
b) Ratna
c) Kaivalya
d) Nirvana
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The last in the succession of Jaina Tirthankaras was

a) Parsvanatha
b) Rishabha
c) Mahavira
d) Manisubrata
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following was worshipped as a heavenly God by ancient Indians?

a) Surya
b) Angaraka (Mangala)
c) Sukra
d) Sani
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists. List I A. Nankana B. Nanded C. Dera Baba Nanak D. Amritsar List II 1. Guru Gobind Singh 2. Guru Amar Das 3. Guru Ram Das Nanak 4. Guru Nanak A B C D

a) 4 1 3 2
b) 1 3 2 4
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 3 2 4 1
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The Chishti saint, in whose honour ‘Urs’ is held in Ajmer every year, was

a) Nizamuddin Auliya
b) Moin-ud-din
c) Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehalvi
d) Hamid ud Din Nagori
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

It is said that of the five doctrines taught by Jainism four were taken over by Mahavira from previous teachers and only one was added by him. Which one of the following was the doctrine added by him?

a) Do not commit violence
b) Observe continence
c) Do not acquire property
d) Do not speak a lie
Answer: b
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Five main vows (Doctrines) given by Jain Teerthankars

  •   These 4 were given by earlier teachers.

o  Ahinsa (non-violence),

o  Satya (truth),

o  Asteya (not stealing),

o  Aparigraha (non-possessiveness).

  •   Mahavira added the 5th: Brahmacharya (chastity/continence),
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following does not indicate the difference between Mahayanism and Hinayanism?

a) Belief in the Bodhisattvas
b) Worship of the image of Buddha
c) Use of the Sanskrit language
d) Admission of women into the monasteries
Answer: d
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  •   The founder of Buddhism, Gautama Buddha, permitted women to join his monastic community and fully participate in it as Bhikkhuni and Upasikas.
  •   Thus admission of women into monesteries does not show the difference between Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism.
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Q . Religion

Ramanuja, the Vaishnava Saint, was born at

a) Srirangam
b) Srivilliputtur
c) Udipi
d) None of the above
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

In his works, Kalidasa exhibits a particular leaning towards the worship of

a) Vishnu
b) Shiva
c) Durga
d) Ganesha
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Of the following centres which is the one where the original monasteries established by Adi Shankaracharya are not found?

a) Puri
b) Kari
c) Shringeri
d) Dwarka
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

Match: List I List II A. Chandragupta Maurya 1. The great council of Prayag B. Samudragupta 2. Jainism C. Harsha Vardhan 3. Gangaikonda Cholapuram D. Rajendra Chola 4. Allahabad Pillar A B C D

a) 1?4?2?3
b) 2?3?4?1
c) 3?2?1?4
d) 2?4?1?3
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below them: List I A. Nagarjuna B. Lakulisha C. Sankara D. Basava List II 1. Founder of Kalmukha Sect 2. Founder of Vira Saivism 3. Founder of Advaita philosophy 4. Founder of Madhyamika 5. Propagator of Pasupata Sect A B C D

a) 4 5 3 2
b) 3 1 5 4
c) 2 1 4 3
d) 1 2 3 4
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Consider the following pairs: Vaisnava Saints – Region of strong following 1. Ramanujacharya – South India 2. Chaitanya – Central India 3. Vallabhacharya – Gujarat and Brajarea 4. Ramanand – North India Of these pairs choose the correctly matched:

a) 1, 2 and 3 are correctly matched
b) 2, 3 and 4 are correctly matched
c) 1 and 4 are correctly matched
d) 1, 3 and 4 are correctly matched
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The First Buddhist Council met at

a) Rajagriha
b) Pataliputra
c) Jalandhara
d) Kashmir
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Who, among the following, was known as a “Nirguna” reformer?

a) Chaitanya
b) Kabir
c) Surdas
d) Tulsidas
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

The Indian caste system in its classical form is characterized by

a) Vertical hierarchy
b) Horizontal hierarchy
c) Intercaste occupational competition
d) Equality
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Judaism and Christianity arose in

a) Palestine
b) Rome
c) Egypt
d) Iran
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Which one of the following can be classified as a “Pratiloma Marriage”?

a) A Brahmin girl marrying a Sudra boy
b) A Sudra girl marrying a Brahmin boy
c) A Brahmin girl marrying a Brahmin boy
d) None of these
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Most popular Sufis were the

a) Rabia
b) Hallaj
c) Ghazali
d) All of the above
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Jainism differed from Buddhism in which of the following aspects?

a) Faith in Karma
b) Doctrine of Ahimsa
c) Belief in fasting
d) Rejection of Yagna
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

The Brahmo Samaj is based on the principles of

a) Monotheism
b) Polytheism
c) Atheism
d) Monism
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Which of the following pairs is correct? (a) Surdas – Sahitya Lahari (Someswara – Charu Chintamani (c) Kalhana – Ashtadhyayi (d) Satyanarayana – Mahabharata

a) Surdas – Sahitya Lahari
b) Someswara – Charu Chintamani
c) Kalhana – Ashtadhyayi
d) Satyanarayana – Mahabharata
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Match the columns: (A) Namdeva – (i) West Bengal (Chaitanya – (ii) Uttar Pradesh (C) Surdas – (iii) Maharashtra (D) Nanak – (iv) Punjab A B C D

a) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv)
b) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
c) (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
d) (i) (iv) (iii) (ii)
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Arrange the following Buddhist councils in a chronological order: (1) Vaishali (2) Rajagraha (3) Patliputra (4) Sreenagar

a) 1, 4, 3, 2
b) 3, 2, 1, 4
c) 4, 1, 2, 3
d) 2, 1, 3, 4
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Gautam Buddha attained Nirvana at

a) Bodh Gaya
b) Sarnath
c) Kushi Nagar
d) Lumbini
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Which of the following can be regarded as the chief contribution of Buddhism to India?

a) Art and literature
b) Architecture
c) Ahimsa and self-purification
d) Rituals
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Match the following: A. Amir Khusro - 1.14th century B. Kabir - 2.13th century C. Abul Fazal - 3.15th century D. Tukaram - 4.16th century 5.17th century A B C D

a) 3 4 2 5
b) 5 2 1 4
c) 2 3 4 5
d) 1 3 5 4
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Which of the following statements regarding Adi Shankaracharya is/are correct? I: He was one of the greatest Hindu scholars II: He was born in Kerala III: First ever Indian feature film in Sanskrit was made after his name IV: The above feature film was adjudged the best film for the year 1983 V: He wrote a commentary on the Upanishads

a) All are correct
b) Only I, II and III are correct
c) Only I, III and V are correct
d) All except II are correct
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

Major difference between ‘Varna’ and ‘Jati’, is that

a) Jatis are limited whereas Varnas are unlimited
b) Jatis are only four whereas Varnas are many
c) Varnas are only four whereas Jatis are many
d) Jati is decided by birth but not Varna
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Ramanujacharya advocated

a) Dvaita
b) Advaita
c) Bhakti cult
d) Vaishnavism
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Main preaching’s of Buddha were in regard to

a) Right faith and conduct
b) Love of God
c) Practice of rituals
d) Idol worship
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Who established four ‘Maths’ in four corners of India?

a) Shankaracharya
b) Bhaskara
c) Ramanujacharya
d) None of these
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

‘Bhakti Cult’ laid emphasis on

a) Idol worship
b) Universal brotherhood
c) Devotion to God
d) None of these
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

What is basic to religion?

a) Idol worship
b) Belief in the supernatural element
c) Priesthood
d) Life after death
Answer: b
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Q . Religion

The tendency of lower caste people to improve their living standard and status by imitating the upper class people is known as

a) Assimilation
b) Sanskritisation
c) Urbanisation
d) Acculturation
Answer: b
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Processes of Socio-Cultural Change

  •   Socio-cultural change is the alteration of mechanisms within the socio-cultural structure, characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behaviour, social organizations, or value systems.
  •   There can be several processes of Socio-cultural change such as:
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Q . Religion

Which of the following statements is correct for Guru Nanak?

a) He preached punishment for wicked
b) He preached against Muslims
c) He preached a war society
d) He preached that “God is one”
Answer: d
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Q . Religion

At which place Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon?

a) Sarnath
b) Lumbini
c) Bodh Gaya
d) Vaishali
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

Which of the following was the most important characteristic of Kanishka’s rule?

a) Expansion of Buddhism outside India
b) Reemergence of Jainism
c) Fourth Buddhist Council at Srinagar
d) Gandhara School of Art
Answer: c
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Q . Religion

Among the following who was the proponent of the ‘Bhakti Cult’ from West Bengal?

a) Chaitanya Prabhu
b) Ramanujacharya
c) Ramanand
d) Kabir
Answer: a
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Q . Religion

“Sufi Sect” originated and developed in

a) Christianity
b) Islam
c) Hinduism
d) Zoroastrianism
Answer: b
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