Q . CLIMATOLOGY
In the context of which of the following do some scientists suggest the use of cirrus cloud thinning technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into stratosphere?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: Statement-1: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles. Statement-II: At the equator, heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- Statement 1 is correct: Thickness of the troposphere at the equator is much greater as compared to poles. This is due to the fact that at the equator, the surface is heated more intensely, leading to stronger convection currents and a thicker troposphere.
- Statement 2 is correct: At the equator, heat is transported to great heights by strong convectional currents. This is because the intense heating at the equator causes warm air to rise rapidly, creating strong convection currents that transport heat to higher altitudes. This process is known as convection.
- Therefore, both statements are correct. Statement-II explains why the troposphere is thicker at the equator compared to the poles.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements:
Statement-1: The atmosphere is heated more by incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial radiation.
Statement-II: Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are good absorbers of long wave radiation.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Statement 1 is incorrect:
- The total isolation at the top of the atmosphere is 100 percent. However, as this energy travels through the atmosphere, some is reflected, scattered, or absorbed, with only a portion reaching the Earth's surface.
- Approximately 35 units are reflected back into space before they can reach the Earth. Of this amount, 27 units are reflected off the tops of clouds, while 2 units come from areas covered in snow and ice. This reflected energy is known as the Earth's albedo.
- The remaining 65 units are absorbed, with 14 units absorbed within the atmosphere and 51 units by the Earth's surface. The Earth then emits 51 units back as terrestrial radiation. Of this emitted energy, 17 units are radiated directly into space, while the remaining 34 units are absorbed by the atmosphere.
- Consequently, the atmosphere is warmed more by terrestrial radiation than by incoming solar radiation.
Statement 2 is correct:
- Atmospheric gases, particularly carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, effectively absorb long-wave radiation, making them strong absorbers of this type of energy.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
With reference to the Earth's atmosphere, which one of the following statements is correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: Statement-I: The temperature contrast between continents and oceans is greater during summer than in winter. Statement-II: The specific heat of water is more than that of land surface. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
- Statement I is correct.
- During summer, land surfaces tend to heat up more quickly and to higher temperatures than oceans due to differences in their heat capacities and specific heat capacities.
- Also, it is because of more heat and stronger sea breeze in the summer than in winter.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. 2. Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth’s surface and thus cause a warming effect. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- Low, dense clouds mostly reflect solar radiation and reduce Earth's surface temperature. Although high, thin clouds largely reflect incoming solar energy, they also catch some of the infrared radiation that the Earth generates and reflect it down, warming the Earth's surface.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. 2. Only some cyclones develop an eye. 3. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10°C lesser than that of the surroundings. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Why are dewdrops not formed on a cloudy night?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. The Earth’s magnetic field has reversed every few hundred thousand years. 2. When the Earth was created more than 4000 million years ago, there was 54% oxygen and no carbon dioxide. 3. When living organisms originated, they modified the early atmosphere of the Earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. IOD phenomenon is characterized by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. 2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino’s impact on the monsoon. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
In the South Atlantic and South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclones do not originate. What is the reason?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. The winds which blow between 30°N and 60°S latitudes throughout the year are known as westerlies. 2. The moist air masses that cause winter rains in North-Western region of India are part of westerlies. Which of the statements given above is / are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is/are the reason/reasons? 1. Thermal difference between land and water 2. Variation in altitude between continents and oceans 3. Presence of strong winds in the interior 4. Heavy rains in the interior as compared to coasts Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the skies is produced by the 1. meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky 2. lightning that separates the nimbus clouds 3. violent upward movement of air and water particles. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. The duration of the monsoon decreases from southern India to northern India. 2. The amount of annual rainfall in the northern plains of India decreases from east to west. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Normally, the temperature decreases with the increase in height from the Earth's surface, because 1. the atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the Earth's surface 2. there is more moisture in the upper atmosphere 3. the air is less dense in the upper atmosphere. Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino? 1. La Nina is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Nino is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. 2. El Nino has an adverse effect on the southwest monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on the monsoon climate. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Westerlies in the southern hemisphere are stronger and more persistent than in the northern hemisphere. Why? 1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to the northern hemisphere. 2. Coriolis force is higher in the southern hemisphere as compared to the northern hemisphere. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A layer in the Earth's atmosphere called Ionosphere facilitates radio communication. Why? 1. The presence of ozone causes the reflection of radio waves on Earth. 2. Radio waves have a very long wavelength. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
What could be the main reason /reasons for the formation of African and Eurasian desert belts? 1. It is located in the sub-tropical high-pressure cells. 2. It is under the influence of warm ocean currents. Which of the statements given above is/are correct in this context?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The jet aircraft fly very easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What could be the appropriate explanation? 1. There are no clouds or water vapour in the lower stratosphere. 2. There are no vertical winds in the lower stratosphere. Which of the statements given above is/ are correct in this context?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A new type of El Nino called El Nino Modoki appeared in the news. In this context, consider the following statements: 1. Normal El Nino forms in the Central Pacific Ocean whereas El Nino Modoki forms in the Eastern Pacific ocean 2. Normal El Nino results in diminished hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean but El Nino Modoki results in a greater number of hurricanes with greater frequency. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the following reflects more sunlight as compared to the other three?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
What causes the wind to deflect toward the left in the Southern hemisphere?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. In the world, tropical deserts occur along the western margins of continents within the trade wind belt. 2. In India, the East Himalayan region gets high rainfall from northeast winds. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. The albedo of an object determines its visual brightness when viewed with reflected light. 2. The albedo of Mercury is much greater than the albedo of the Earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. Either of the two belts over the oceans at about 30° to 35° N and S Latitudes is known as Horse Latitude. 2. Horse latitudes are low-pressure belts. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements: 1. Length of a terrestrial mile is lesser than that of a nautical mile. 2. Harmattan is a dusty land-wind of the East African Coast. 3. Greece and Albania form a part of the Iberian Peninsula. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: Wind patterns are clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anti-clockwise in the southern hemisphere. R: The directions of wind patterns in the northern and southern hemispheres are governed by the Coriolis effect.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given Indian cities in the decreasing order of their normal annual rainfall?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the following statements is correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: Bangalore receives much higher average annual rainfall than that of Mangalore. R: Bangalore has the benefit of receiving rainfall both from south-west and north-east monsoons.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: The thickness of the atmosphere is maximum over the Equator. R: High insolation and strong convection currents occur over the Equator.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: The amount of moisture in the atmosphere is related to latitude. R: The capacity to hold moisture in the form of water vapour is related to temperature.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: Areas lying within five to eight degrees latitude on either side of the equator receive rainfall throughout the year. R: High temperature and high humidity cause convectional rain to fall mostly in the afternoons near the equator.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The average annual temperature of a meteorological station is 26°C, its average annual rainfall is 63 cm and the annual range of temperature is 9°C. The station in question is
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
2. R: The low-pressure areas are permanent over oceans rather than on land.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: The surface winds spiral inwards upon the centre of the cyclone. R: Air descends in the centre of the cyclone.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following climatic and geographical phenomena: 1. Condensation 2. High temperature and humidity 3. Orography 4. Vertical wind. Thunder Cloud development is due to which of these phenomena?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
For short-term climatic predictions, which one of the following events, detected in the last decade, is associated with occasional weak monsoon rains in the Indian sub-continent?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Sun's halo is produced by the refraction of light
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A: Anticyclonic conditions are formed in winter season when atmospheric pressure is high and air temperatures are low. R: Winter rainfall in Northern India cause development of anticyclonic conditions.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.
List-I (Local Wind)
A. Fohn
B. Samun
C. Santa Ana
D. Zonda
List-II (Region)
1. Argentina
2. Kurdistan
3. California
4. Alps
Codes:
A B C D
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Cloudy nights are warmer compared to clear cloudless nights because clouds
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the following weather conditions is indicated by a sudden fall in barometer reading?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Consider the following statements about the 'Roaring Forties': 1. They blow uninterrupted in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres 2. They blow with great strength and constancy 3. Their direction is generally from North-West to East in the Southern Hemisphere 4. Overcast skies, rain and raw weather are generally associated with them. Which of these statements are correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the areas marked as A, B, C and D in the given figure of the cyclone, witnesses heavy torrential short-duration rainfall accompanied by thunderstorms?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
What is the correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards?
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Ionosphere
4. Mesosphere
- Troposphere: The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from the surface up to an average altitude of about 8-15 kilometers. This is where most weather phenomena occur and where the majority of Earth's clouds and precipitation are found.
- Stratosphere: The stratosphere is the layer above the troposphere, extending from about 15-50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the majority of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation, making it crucial for protecting life on Earth.
- Mesosphere: The mesosphere is the third layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from about 50-85 kilometers above the surface. This layer is where most meteoroids burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere, creating shooting stars.
- Ionosphere: The ionosphere is the uppermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere, extending from about 85 kilometers up to several hundred kilometers above the surface. This layer is ionized by solar radiation, creating charged particles that play a key role in the propagation of radio waves and communication signals.
- Correct sequence: (c) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere.
- The correct sequence of layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere. This sequence reflects the gradual change in temperature, composition, and characteristics of each layer as you move away from the Earth's surface.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- The hot dry summers, mild and moist winters and seasonal reversal of winds is the charateristic of Mediterranean type of climate, found between 30°-45° latitude in both the hemispheres on the western side of each continent. So in the given map 2, 3, 4 are in eastern side. Only 1 which is indicated for California (U.S.A.) region possesses that type of climate.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- The January isotherm taken as a basis for dividing India into tropical and subtropical zones is 15°C.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Mars is the only planet with similar day time temperatures and an atmosphere similar to earth. Therefore, the most relevant condition for presence of life on Mars is occurrence of ice caps and frozen water.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer:
List-I (Climatic conditions)
A. Madras is warmer than Calcutta
B. Snowfall in Himalayas
C. Rainfall decreases from West Bengal to Punjab
D. Sutlej-Ganga plain gets some rain in winter
List-II (Reasons)
1. North-east monsoon
2. Altitude
3. Western depressions
4. Distance from the sea
5. Latitude
Codes:
- Madras is warmer than Calcutta. Madras lies 13°08'17" N latitude which is much near to equator than Calcutta, which is 22°56'67" N. Snow fall occurs in Himalayas due to its higher attitude. Rainfall decreases from West Bengal to Punjab due to distance from sea. West Bengal is near to sea than Punjab. Sutluj-Ganga plain gets some rain in winter due to western disturbance.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Due to intensive low-pressure belt developed in the north-western plains, the south-west monsoon enters the Indian subcontinent. It blows from Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Extending from about 80 to 300 km (about 50 to 185 miles) in altitude, the ionosphere is an electrically conducting region capable of reflecting radio signals back to Earth.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
2. Reason (R): High temperatures and high humidity cause conventional rain in most afternoons near the equator.
In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
- These areas near equator are called Tropical Rain Forest regions. Here generally the type of rainfall is conventional rainfall, because of constant high temperature and high humidity produces rainfall almost daily in the afternoon throughout the year.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Willy is:
- Tropical cyclones are violent storms that originate over oceans in tropical areas and move over to the coastal areas bringing about large scale destruction caused by violent winds, very heavy rainfall and storm surges.
- They are given many names in different regions of the world – eg.they are known as Typhoons in the China Sea and Pacific Ocean; Hurricanes in the West Indian islands in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean; Tornados in the Guinea lands of West Africa and southern USA.; Willy-willies in north-western Australia and Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
2. Reason (R): The moisture bearing monsoonal winds go higher up as one moves up in the Ganga plain.
In the context of the above two statements, which one of the following is correct?
- The monsoonal rainfall has a declining trend with the increasing distance from the sea. Kolkata recieces 119 cm, Patana receives 105 cm, Allahabad 76 cm and Delhi 56 cm. The average rainfall in India is about 125 cm, though it has spatial variations.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
A rainy day, as defined by the Indian Meteorological department, is a day when the rainfall at a point received is
- According to India Meteorological Department, a rainy day has been defined as a day with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more rainfall. IMD further defines that rainfall for a station is called heavy if it is greater than 650 mm and very heavy if it is greater than 1300 mm.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which among the following pairs of places have most marked difference in total rainfall per annum even though located approximately along the same latitude?
1.
- The average annual temperature is 24.7 °C in Ajmer. The average annual rainfall is 557 mm. The summers here have a good deal of rainfall, while the winters have very little. The Koppen-Geiger climate classification is Cwb. The average annual temperature in Shillong is 17.1 °C. Precipitation here averages 3385 mm.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Water cycle refers to
- The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the hydrological cycle, is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Deserts such as the Sahara are generally found between 20° and 30° latitudes in the western parts of the continents. This is because these regions
- The areas between 20 ° -30 ° latitude on western margins of continents are the regions of descending air. Because of this, the air gets compressed and warm as it descends and thus the moisture keeps decreasing.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- When the retreating monsoon blows from the northeast across the Bay of Bengal, it picks up a significant amount of moisture, which is subsequently released after moving back onto the peninsula. Thus, from October to December the coast of Tamil Nadu state receives at least half of its roughly 40 inches (1,000 mm) of annual precipitation. That rainy extension of the generally dry retreating monsoon is called the northeast, or winter monsoon.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Planetary winds are also known as permanent winds. The trade winds, the Easterlies and the Westerlies are known as planetary or permanent winds as they continuously blow throughout the year. These winds always blow in a particular direction.
- Monsoon is not a planetary wind.A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
1.
2.
3.
4.
- The Arabian Sea Branch of the Southwest Monsoon first hits the Western Ghats of the coastal state of Kerala, India, thus making this area the first state in India to receive rain from the Southwest Monsoon.
- The onset of the monsoon over Kerala marks the beginning of the four-month — June-September — southwest monsoon season over India, which brings more than 70 per cent of the country's annual rainfall
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
2. Reason (R): The tropic of cancer runs almost halfway through India.
- It’s clearly visible in the map, Tropic of Cancer runs almost halfway through India.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The climate of India is of which of the following types?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Assertion (A): Most of the hot deserts are present on the western margin of the continents close to the zones of trade winds. Reason (R): Zones of trade winds are characterized by seas having reversal of planetary wind direction.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
1. Assertion (A): Rainfall is scanty on the east of Western Ghats.
2. Reason (R): The east of Western Ghats is on the lee side.
- The Western Ghats receive rainfall through Mountain type of precipitation. The winds from the Arabian Sea climb the slopes of the Western Ghats from 900-1200 m. Soon, they become cool, and as a result, the windward side of the Western Ghats receives very heavy rainfall ranging between 250 cm and 400 cm. The leeward side receives less rainfall.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Fog is common around Newfoundland coast because Warm and cold currents meet. When cold and warm ocean current meet, the warm ocean current condenses after getting in contact with cold air and it results into fog. Example: Fog is found in Newfoundland Coast of North America due to meeting of warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador Current.
- Thus, When the warm and the cold currents meet, dense fog is created.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Punjab and Haryana receive rainfall from
- Western disturbance is an extratropical storm that originates from the Mediterranean region. This storm brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of India such as the states of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Of the total water on the earth, freshwater reserves constitute approximately
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Insolation refers to
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Find the odd one out:
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The areas in India that receive approximately an average of more than 200 cm of rainfall annually are
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
What does ‘Roaring Forties’ refer to?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Arrange the following three atmospheric layers starting from the surface of the earth: A. Stratosphere B. Ionosphere C. Troposphere
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Isohyets are the lines drawn on a map connecting points having
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Trade winds are caused by the
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Which of the following is not correct?
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
- Southwest Monsoons are responsible for rainfall in the northern India.
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Humidity of the air
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Doldrums refer to
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
The winter rain in Madras is caused by
Q . CLIMATOLOGY
Less dew is formed on cloudy nights because