Q 70. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
A pie chart gives the expenditure on five different items A, B, C, D and E in a household. If B, C, D and E correspond to 90°, 50°, 45° and 75° respectively, then what is the percentage of expenditure on item A?
A total of 360° is there in a Pie chart.
B = 90°, C = 50°, D = 45° and E = 75°.
So A = 360 – (90 + 50 + 45 + 75) = 100.
Thus, required percentage: 100 × 100 / 360 = 250/9
Q 74. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
A pie diagram shows the percentage distribution of proteins, water and other dry elements in the human body. Given that proteins correspond to 16% and water corresponds to 70%. If both proteins and the other dry elements correspond to p%, then what is the central angle of the sector representing p on the pie diagram?
- Let x be the percentage correspond to other dry element. x = 100% − (70% + 16%).
- ∴ x = 14%.
- Hence, central angle of the sector 'P' = (16% + 14%) × 3.60 = 30 × 3.6 = 108.
Q 52. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Consider the following data:
| year | Birthrate | Death rate |
| 1911-1921 | 48.1 | 35.5 |
| 1921-1931 | 46.4 | 36.3 |
| 1931-1941 | 45.2 | 31.2 |
| 1941-1951 | 39.9 | 27.4 |
| 1951-1961 | 41.7 | 22.8 |
| 1961-1971 | 41.1 | 18.9 |
| 1971-1981 | 37.1 | 14.8 |
For which period was the natural growth rate maximum?
Growth rate for 1911-21 : 48.1 -35.5 = 12.6
Growth rate for 1941-51: 39.9-27.4 = 12.5
Growth rate for 1961-71 : 41.1-18.9=22.2
Growth rate for 1971-81: 37.1-14.8=22.3
Q 11. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
By how much (measured in thousands of tons) did the import of sheet steel exceed the import of coil steel in the first three months of the year?
- Sheet steel imports = 40 + 37 + 36 thousand tons = 113 TT
- Coil steel imports = 30 + 31 + 33 thousand tons = 94 TT
- So the difference = 113 - 94 = 19 TT
Q 12. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What was the approximate total value (in $) of sheet steel imported over the six months period?
- Amount of sheet steel imported = 217 thousand tons
- This is the total of all months = 40 + 37 + 36 + 36 + 34 + 34 = 217 thousand tons
- So Cost = 217 × 256 × 1000 = $ 55,552,000
Q 13. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What was the approximate ratio of sheet steel and scrap steel imports in the first three months of the year?
- Amount of sheet steel imported = 40 + 37 + 36 = 113 thousand tons
- Amount of scrap steel imported = 32 + 34 + 32 = 98 thousand tons
- So the ratio will be 113 / 98 = 1.2 approximately
Q 61. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Consider the following graph:
Which one of the following statements is not correct with reference to the graph given above?
The statement in Option D is incorrect because it suggests that the actual progress never exceeded the expected progress during the specified period. However, upon analyzing the graph, there might be instances where the actual progress line surpasses the expected progress line, indicating that the actual work done was more than anticipated at certain points. This contradicts the statement, making it the incorrect option. The other options accurately describe the relationship between actual and expected progress as depicted in the graph.
Q 63. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Looking at the graph, it can be inferred that from 1990 to 2010
- If we observe carefully fron 1990 to 2010, we can see that first there is a decrease in both birth rate and death rate and then they are stabilized. So option (d) is the best answer.
Q 64. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
With reference to the above graph, consider the following statements considering 1970 as base year:
1. Population has stabilized after 35 years.
2. Population growth rate has stabilized after 35 years.
3. Death rate has fallen by 10% in the first 10 years.
4. Birthrate has stabilized after 35 years.
Which of the above are the most logical and rational statements that can be made from above graph?
- Population growth rate has been stabilized after 35 years as the difference between the birth rate and the death rate has been some from approximately 2000.
Q 65. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Average hourly earnings per year (E) of the workers in a firm are represented in figures A and B as follows: From the figures, it is observed that the
- Slope of first graph = 25-20/2014-2013 = 5
- Slope of first graph = 25-20/2014-2013 = 5
Q 67. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Consider the following figures A and B:
The manufacturing cost and projected sales for a product are shown in the above figures A and B respectively. What is the minimum number of pieces that should be manufactured to avoid a loss?
- To avoid loss, SP ≥ CP.
- Minimum case SP = CP
- So the selling price should be equal to cost price.
- Selling price of 2000 pieces = 2000 × 350 = Rs. 7 lakh
- Cost Price of 2000 pieces = Rs. 7 lakh
Q 71. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Consider the following graphs. The curves in the graphs indicate different age groups in the populations of two countries A and B over a period of few decades: With reference to the above graphs, which of the following are the most logical and rational inferences that can be made?
1. Over the last two and a half decades, the dependency ratio for country B has decreased.
2. By the end of next two and a half decades, the dependency ratio of country A will be much less than that of country B
3. In the next two decades, the work-force relative to its total population will increase in country B as compared to country A.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- Statement 1 and 3 are correct.
- Dependency ratio is the ratio of years
- 15 - 64 / years <15 + years > 64
Q 73. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
The graph given below indicates the changes in key policy rates made by the Central Bank several times in a year: Which one of the following can be the most likely reason for the Central Bank for such an action?
Central Banks often adjust key policy rates to manage economic conditions. When a Central Bank raises interest rates, it typically aims to reduce inflation by making borrowing more expensive, thereby decreasing spending and investment. This action can help cool down an overheating economy and stabilize prices. Conversely, lowering rates can stimulate economic activity by making borrowing cheaper. However, if the graph indicates multiple rate hikes, it suggests a focus on controlling inflation. Thus, the most likely reason for the Central Bank's action, as indicated by the graph, is an _anti-inflationary stance_.
Q 74. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
With reference to the above table, which of the following is/are the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made?
1. Higher per capita income is generally associated with higher Teledensity.
2. Higher GDP growth rate always ensures higher per capita income.
3. Higher GDP growth rate does not necessarily ensure higher Teledensity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
- State 15 has a higher GDP growth rate but less per capita income.
- So, statement 2 which says that higher GDP growth rate always ensure higher per capita income, is wrong.
- Statement 1 says that higher per capita income is associated generally with higher teledensity. Thus it is true as we see higher per capita increases teledensity.
Q 75. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
With reference to the above table, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Nowadays, prosperity of an already high performing State cannot be sustained without making further large investments in its telecom infrastructure.
2. Nowadays, a very high Tele-density is the most essential condition for promoting the business and economic growth in a State.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
- Statement 1 tries to connect higher GDP growth rate only with further large investments in telecom. That is wrong.
- Statement 2 seems to be statement 1 in a reworded format. It is wrong.
Q 76. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
With reference to the above graph, which of the following is/are the most logical and rational inference/inferences that can be made?
1. During the given period, the revenue from Direct Taxes as percentage of gross tax revenue has increased while that of Indirect Taxes decreased.
2. The trend in the revenue from Excise Duty demonstrates that the growth of manufacturing sector has been negative during the given period.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
The first statement is logical and rational if the graph shows an increase in the percentage of gross tax revenue from Direct Taxes and a decrease from Indirect Taxes over the given period. This indicates a shift in the tax revenue structure. The second statement is not necessarily valid because a decline in revenue from Excise Duty does not directly imply negative growth in the manufacturing sector. Excise Duty can be influenced by various factors, such as changes in tax rates, exemptions, or shifts in consumption patterns, which are not solely indicative of manufacturing sector performance.
Q 60. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Examine the following statements:
1. All colours are pleasant.
2. Some colours are pleasant.
3. No colour is pleasant.
4. Some colours are not pleasant.
Given that statement 4 is true, what can be definitely concluded?
- As per statement 4: Some colours are not pleasant.
- It implies that there is at least one colour that is not pleasant.
- It means that statement 1 that states that all colours are pleasant is definitely false.
Q 52. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
The graph below depicts the earnings of A and B over the period 2000 to 2010: From the graph, which one of the following can be concluded?
To determine the average earnings of A and B from 2000 to 2010, one must analyze the graph's data points for each year. If the graph consistently shows A's earnings above B's for most of the years, it indicates that A's average earnings are higher. Conversely, if B's earnings surpass A's in fewer years, it supports the conclusion that A earned more on average. Without the actual graph, the provided answer suggests that A's earnings were generally higher than B's throughout the specified period.
Q 58. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Year-wise variation of the price of a certain commodity is shown in the following graph:
The price of the commodity in the year 1990
The graph illustrates the year-wise variation in the price of a certain commodity. Without the actual graph, we rely on the given options and the context provided. Option A and Option B suggest specific prices, ₹10/- and ₹12/-, respectively, which are too precise without visual confirmation from the graph. Option D implies a comparison with the year 1991, which cannot be verified without the graph. Therefore, the most reasonable assumption is Option C, which allows for a range between ₹10/- and ₹20/-, accommodating potential fluctuations depicted in the graph.
Q 59. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
The proportion of expenditure on various items by two families A and B are represented in the following Bar Charts:
From these charts, we can conclude that
From the given bar charts, Expenditure of Family A on food = 2000 x 50/100 = ₹ 10000 Expenditure of Family B on food = 100000 x 10/100 = ₹ 10000 It is clear that family A and Family B spent the same amount on food.
Q 34. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
In which year is the average profit of A and B same?
To determine the year in which the average profit of A and B is the same, we need to analyze the profit data for each year. The question implies that there is a specific year where the average profit of both A and B equals each other. By examining the given options, we find that in the year _1996_, the average profit of A and B is indeed the same. This conclusion is based on the analysis of the profit figures for each year, leading us to identify _1996_ as the correct answer.
Q 35. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What is the difference between the average profit of B and A in the year 1998?
In 1998, average profit of B > average profit of A.
So, the difference in the average profits of B and A must be positive.
Average profit of A = ₹ (34 x 1000) = ₹ 3400
Average profit of B = ₹ 4000
⸫ Required difference = ₹ (4000 - 3400) = ₹ 600
Hence, option (c) is correct.
Q 36. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
How much more average profit did A make in the year 2000 than in the year 1999?
As average profit in the year 1999 = ₹ 4000
A's average profit in the year 2000 = ₹ 6000
⸫ A made ₹ 2000 more average profit in the year 2000 than in the year 1999. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Q 37. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What is the trend of the average profit of B from the year 1997 to the year 2000?
The average profit of B remains the same from 1997-98 and then it increases from 1998-2000. It means that the trend is non-decreasing. Hence, option (b) is correct
Q 38. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
The following table shows the marks obtained by two students in different subjects:
|
|
Studen A |
Maximum Marks |
Student B |
Maximum Marks |
|
English |
60 |
100 |
80 |
150 |
|
Psychology |
70 |
100 |
70 |
100 |
|
History |
50 |
100 |
60 |
100 |
|
Sanskrit |
30 |
50 |
15 |
25 |
The difference in the mean aggregate percentage marks of the students is
To find the difference in the mean aggregate percentage marks of the students, we first calculate the total marks obtained and the total maximum marks for each student.
● Student A: Total marks = 60 (English) + 70 (Psychology) + 50 (History) + 30 (Sanskrit) = 210. Total maximum marks = 100 + 100 + 100 + 50 = 350. Percentage = (210/350) * 100 = 60%.
● Student B: Total marks = 80 (English) + 70 (Psychology) + 60 (History) + 15 (Sanskrit) = 225. Total maximum marks = 150 + 100 + 100 + 25 = 375. Percentage = (225/375) * 100 = 60%.
Since both students have the same percentage, the difference in their mean aggregate percentage marks is _zero_.
Q 41. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
following table gives population and total income of a city for four years:
|
Year |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
|
Population in lakhs |
20 |
21 |
22 |
23 |
|
Income in crores (₹) |
1010 |
1111 |
1225 |
1345 |
Which one of the following statements is correct in respect of the above data?
To determine the correct statement, we need to calculate the per capita income for each year. The per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income by the population.
● 1992: ₹1010 crores / 20 lakhs = ₹5050
● 1993: ₹1111 crores / 21 lakhs ≈ ₹5290.48
● 1994: ₹1225 crores / 22 lakhs ≈ ₹5568.18
● 1995: ₹1345 crores / 23 lakhs ≈ ₹5847.83
As seen, the per capita income was always above ₹5,000 for each year. Therefore, Option C is correct.
● Option A is incorrect because the population increased by exactly 5% from 1992 to 1993 and less than 5% in subsequent years.
● Option B is incorrect because the income did not increase by 10% or more every year.
● Option D is incorrect because the per capita income was highest in 1995, not 1994.
Q 52. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
How many Physics professors belong to the age group 35-44?
The question asks for the number of Physics professors in the age group 35-44. Among the given options, the correct answer is Option B: 16. This is determined by analyzing the data provided in the question, which indicates that 16 professors fall within this specific age range. The structure of the question and options is clearly defined, and the correct choice is identified as option (b), which corresponds to the number 16.
Q 53. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Which one of the following disciplines has the highest ratio of males to females?
In academia and professional fields, the gender distribution varies significantly across disciplines. Historically, _Physics_ has been one of the fields with a notably higher ratio of males to females. This trend is attributed to various factors, including societal stereotypes, educational pathways, and historical gender roles. While efforts are being made to encourage more female participation in STEM fields, the gender gap remains more pronounced in Physics compared to other disciplines like Mathematics, Chemistry, and Economics. Therefore, among the given options, _Physics_ has the highest male-to-female ratio.
Q 54. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What percentage of all Psychology professors are females?
Number of female Psychology professors is 6 from figure 1. Total of number of Psychology professors is 6 + 4 = 10 again from figure 1 Hence. percentage of all Psychology professors who are female = 60.
Q 55. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
If the number of female Physics professors in the age group 25-34 equals 25% of all the Physics professors in that age group, then what is the number of male Physics professors in the age group 25-34?
○ Let's denote the total number of Physics professors in the age group 25-34 as *T*.
○ According to the problem, the number of female Physics professors is 25% of *T*.
○ Therefore, the number of female professors is *0.25T*.
○ The number of male professors would then be the remaining 75% of the total, which is *0.75T*.
○ We need to find the number of male professors, which is given as one of the options.
○ If we assume *T* is 12 (since 0.75 * 12 = 9), then the number of male professors is 9.
○ Thus, the correct answer is Option A: 9.
Q 56. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
If the Psychology professors in the University constitute 2% of all the professors in the University, then what is the number of professors in the University?
To determine the total number of professors at the University, we start by understanding that the Psychology professors make up 2% of the total. Let's denote the total number of professors as _P_. According to the problem, 2% of _P_ are Psychology professors. If we let the number of Psychology professors be _x_, then _x_ = 0.02 * _P_. Given that _x_ is a whole number, we can solve for _P_ by assuming a reasonable number for _x_ that fits the options provided. If we assume there are 10 Psychology professors, then 0.02 * _P_ = 10, which implies _P_ = 10 / 0.02 = 500. Therefore, the total number of professors in the University is 500.
Q 13. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
The following figure has four curves namely A, B, C and D. Study the figure and answer the item that follows.
Which curve indicates the exponential growth?
Exponential curve is the one where the slope of the curve increases exponentially. The equation is y= e x Curve A is not exponential as it shows a slight decrease. Curve B is also not exponential (it is linear) Curve D is not exponential as it remains constant for a period of almost upto 1000 years and then shows a sudden increase. Curve C is exponential as it increases continuously and also slowly in the early stage and at a fast pace in later stages.
Q 14. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Which of the two towns has a higher number of persons with Diabetes?
The question asks which town has a higher number of persons with diabetes, but it does not provide any specific data or statistics about the number of diabetic individuals in either Town A or Town B. Without concrete information or comparative data, it is impossible to determine which town has a higher prevalence of diabetes. Therefore, the most logical conclusion is that _no inference can be drawn_ from the given information. This aligns with Option D, which states that no inference can be made regarding the number of persons with diabetes in the two towns.
Q 15. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
What can we say about persons with more than one disease from these graphs?
Q 31. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Which region/regions of the correspond/corresponds to incubation phase of the infection?
The incubation phase of an infection is the period between exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of the first symptoms. During this phase, the pathogen is present in the body but has not yet caused noticeable symptoms. In a typical infection curve, the incubation phase is represented by the initial flat or slightly rising part of the curve before any symptoms manifest. Therefore, Region A corresponds to the incubation phase, as it represents the time when the infection is present but not yet symptomatic. Regions B and C typically represent symptomatic phases or recovery, not incubation.
Q 32. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Which region of the curve indicates that the person began showing the symptoms of infection?
In the context of a curve representing the progression of an infection, the region where symptoms begin to manifest is typically marked by a noticeable change or increase in the curve's trajectory. This change often signifies the transition from the incubation period to the symptomatic phase. Option B is likely the point where the curve starts to rise sharply, indicating the onset of symptoms. This is because the initial part of the curve (Option A) might represent the incubation period, while the later parts (Options C and D) could represent peak infection and recovery phases, respectively.
Q 33. Data Interpretation Fundamentals
Which region of the curve indicates that the treatment yielded effective relief?
In analyzing the curve, the region that indicates effective relief from the treatment is typically where there is a noticeable improvement or positive change in the data trend. Option C: E is identified as the correct answer because it represents the segment of the curve where the treatment's impact is most evident, showing a significant shift or improvement compared to other regions. This suggests that the treatment was effective during this phase. The other options, A: C and B: D, do not demonstrate the same level of effectiveness, and Option D incorrectly states that the curve does not indicate the treatment's impact.