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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • India and Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.

    • India and the Global South: Conceptual Framework
      • What diplomatic steps has India taken to articulate the interests of the Global South in International Politics?
      • How is India pursuing her foreign policy objectives through the IBSA Dialogue Forum (India, Brazil and South Africa)?
      • “India’s Research and Information System for Developing Countries” (RIS) is a major initiative in the area of South-South Cooperation. Discuss.
      • Give a critical account of India’s role in the affairs of the Third World countries.
      • Comment: An oligopolistic global system.
    • India-Africa Relations
      • Discuss the major drivers of India's interests in Africa.
      • Identify the drivers of India's new interest in Africa.
      • How do the guiding principles of India-Africa relations seek to enhance harmony and mutual cooperation between India and Africa?
      • “India’s capacity building programmes under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) has earned much goodwill for it in Africa.” Discuss.
      • Suggest measures so that India’s partnership with Africa becomes a true symbol of South-South Cooperation, delivering clear-cut economic and political dividends to both sides of the equation.
      • Identify India’s contributions and assistance in the process of nation-building in South Africa.
      • Give us analysis of India’s Africa policy.
      • Comment: Racialism in South Africa.
    • India-Latin America Relations
      • Discuss the factors for the decline of India’s presence in Latin America.
      • Describe, explain and suggest improvement in the state of India’s relationship with Latin America.
    • NIEO: India’s Leadership in the Demand for New International Economic Order (NIEO)
      • Discuss the potential role that India could play as the leader of the Global South in realising the goal of establishing a new international economic order in the 21st century.
      • Explain the significance and importance of the demand raised by the developing countries for a New International Economic Order (NIEO). Are they likely to achieve their objectives of NIEO in foreseeable future?
      • Explain the role of the Third World countries in the promotion of NIEO.
    • India and WTO Negotiation
      • "Nothing is going to move within the WTO negotiations unless India is on board." Discuss the main reasons behind India's increased clout in the WTO.
      • The return of trade barriers and economic sanctions has diminished the spirit of GATT. In this context, discuss the factors contributing to the decline of WTO in recent times.
      • Explain India's position on the waiver of intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines in WTO.
      • India’s coalitional diplomacy with the WTO has earned it wide appreciation. What accounts for the success of India’s coalitional diplomacy?
      • Sketch the leadership role of India in WTO negotiations. (150 words)
      • How far institutions like WTO and IMF have influenced India’s political and economic sovereignty? What has been India’s response to these?
      • Comment: India and the WTO.
      • Critically examine the various controversial issues in the functioning of the World Trade Organization from the point of view of developing countries, particularly India.
      • Comment: India and the WTO.
      • Comment: GATT treaty and developing countries.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. India and Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; Leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.
  5. India and WTO Negotiation

Explain India's position on the waiver of intellectual property rights on COVID-19 vaccines in WTO. (UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, )

  1. Posted by: Synopsis IAS
  2. Posted on:21 July 2025
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विश्व व्यापार संगठन में कोविड-19 टीकों पर बौद्धिक संपदा अधिकारों की छूट पर भारत की स्थिति स्पष्ट करें।
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