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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • (g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.

    • Vision in human
      • Structure of human eye
      • Draw a labelled diagram of crosssection of human eye and explain the mechanisms of image formation, ability to see in dark and discriminate colour. Add a note on the main defects of human eye and how they can be corrected.
      • Draw a labelled diagram of human eye and discuss the functions of each layer. Mention the role of eye pigments in visual perception under light and dark conditions.
      • Describe the structure of rods and cones in retina, and discuss their role in vision.
      • Describe the roles of three eye layers in vision in humans.
      • Describe the role of visual pigments in daylight and night vision.
      • What is binocular vision? Write the role of rods and cones in physiology of vision.
      • Describe the structure of human eye. Explain the mechanism of vision in humans.
      • Draw a suitable diagram and explain the structure of human eye.
      • Draw the structure of retina and explain the mechanism of vision in mammalian eye.
    • Hearing in human
      • Olfaction in man.
      • Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of Corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of Corti?
      • Describe with the help of a suitable diagram, the major structures in the mammalian ear involved in hearing and balance.
      • Describe with the help of a suitable diagram, the major structures in the mammalian ear involved in hearing and balance.
      • Describe the structure of human internal ear. Also, explain the mechanism of hearing and balancing.
      • Discuss the structure of inner ear and explain its mechanism in hearing.
    • Olfaction in human
      • Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of corti?
      • Olfactory pathways and physiology of olfaction.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Physiology (with special reference to mammals)
  5. (g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.
  6. Vision in human

Structure of human eye (UPSC 2006, 20 Marks, )

मानव नेत्र की संरचना (Structure of human eye)
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Introduction
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Draw a labelled diagram of crosssection of human eye and explain the mechanisms of image formation, ability to see in dark and discriminate colour. Add a note on the main defects of human eye and how they can be corrected. (UPSC 2011, 20 Marks, )

मानव नेत्र के अनुप्रस्थ काट का लेबलयुक्त चित्र बनाएं और छवि निर्माण की प्रक्रिया, अंधेरे में देखने की क्षमता और रंग भेदने की क्षमता को समझाएं। मानव नेत्र के मुख्य दोषों और उनके सुधार के तरीकों पर एक टिप्पणी जोड़ें। (Draw a labelled diagram of cross-section of human eye and explain the mechanisms of image formation, ability to see in dark and discriminate colour. Add a note on the main defects of human eye and how they can be corrected.)
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Introduction
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Draw a labelled diagram of human eye and discuss the functions of each layer. Mention the role of eye pigments in visual perception under light and dark conditions. (UPSC 2013, 15 Marks, )

मानव नेत्र का लेबलयुक्त आरेख बनाएं और प्रत्येक परत के कार्यों पर चर्चा करें। प्रकाश और अंधेरे परिस्थितियों में दृश्य धारणा में नेत्र वर्णकों की भूमिका का उल्लेख करें। (Draw a labelled diagram of human eye and discuss the functions of each layer. Mention the role of eye pigments in visual perception under light and dark conditions.)
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Introduction
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Describe the structure of rods and cones in retina, and discuss their role in vision. (UPSC 2016, 10 Marks, )

रेटिना में रॉड्स और कोन्स की संरचना का वर्णन करें, और दृष्टि में उनकी भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। (Describe the structure of rods and cones in retina, and discuss their role in vision.)
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Describe the roles of three eye layers in vision in humans. (UPSC 2017, 15 Marks, )

मानवों में दृष्टि में तीन नेत्र परतों की भूमिकाओं का वर्णन करें। (Describe the roles of three eye layers in vision in humans.)
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Describe the role of visual pigments in daylight and night vision. (UPSC 2018, 15 Marks, )

दृश्य वर्णकों की दिन के उजाले और रात्रि दृष्टि में भूमिका का वर्णन करें। (Describe the role of visual pigments in daylight and night vision.)
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What is binocular vision? Write the role of rods and cones in physiology of vision. (UPSC 2019, 15 Marks, )

द्विनेत्री दृष्टि क्या है? दृष्टि के शरीर विज्ञान में रॉड्स और कोन्स की भूमिका लिखें। (What is binocular vision? Write the role of rods and cones in physiology of vision.)
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Describe the structure of human eye. Explain the mechanism of vision in humans. (UPSC 2022, 15 Marks, )

मानव नेत्र की संरचना का वर्णन करें। मनुष्यों में दृष्टि की प्रक्रिया को समझाएं। (Describe the structure of human eye. Explain the mechanism of vision in humans.)
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Draw a suitable diagram and explain the structure of human eye. (UPSC 2022, 15 Marks, )

उपयुक्त आरेख बनाएं और मानव नेत्र की संरचना को समझाएं। (Draw a suitable diagram and explain the structure of human eye.)
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Introduction
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Draw the structure of retina and explain the mechanism of vision in mammalian eye. (UPSC 2022, 15 Marks, )

रेटिना की संरचना बनाएं और स्तनधारी आंख में दृष्टि की प्रक्रिया को समझाएं। (Draw the structure of retina and explain the mechanism of vision in mammalian eye.)
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Introduction
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