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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • State in comparative perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the state in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.

    • State in comparative perspective (Evolution of State Systems)
      • What are the difficulties faced by a political theorist in comparing the States?
      • “A combination of internal pressures (Ethnic and regional forces) and external threats (EU, UN, TNC, Global market, etc.) has produced what is commonly referred to as a ‘crisis of the nation-state’. Elaborate.
      • Discuss the main factors that have contributed to the gradual transformation of the world from ‘Billiard Ball Model’ to ‘Cobweb Model’.
      • ‘A minimal State ensures maximum of Individual Liberty.’ Examine the concept of Minimal State. (200 words)
      • Examine major principles of State centric world views. (200 words)
      • “Nations and States have become virtually synonymous.” Elucidate. (200 words)
      • Comment: Rethinking on sovereign state.
      • “Although transnationalism is an important force in contemporary world politics, it is premature to speak of the demise of the nation-state, given the continued attachment to nationalism felt throughout the world.” In the light of this statement, discuss the role of nation-state as an actor in international relations.
      • “The traditional principle of sovereignty which plays a central role in the foreign policies of all states, is now increasingly counteracted by the growing facts of interdependence...” Discuss.
      • Nation-State is currently exposed to disintegrative tendencis from within and integrative tendencies from without. Elucidate the statement in the context of developments in Europe.
      • Despite a number of trends to the contrary, the State has been and remains the primary actor in the global system. Elucidate the statement by analysing the factors which helped create State and the reasons for the primacy of States as actors in International Relations.
      • How far has interdependence among states undermined sovereignty?
    • Characteristics and changing nature of the state in advanced industrial and developing societies.
      • Describe the changing nature of the State in the developing societies in the context of inclusive growth in the 21st century.
      • How would you describe the contemporary world beyond the languages of ‘North/South’ and ‘Developed/Developing’? Is the present transformation driven by domestic compulsions, or external overall crisis of the global economy? (250 words)
      • Does the perspective of Dependency Theory offer a robust critique on the nature of mainstream development process taking place in Africa and Latin America? (250 words)
      • Examine the comparative advantages of democracy and autocracy in restraining political violence. Do you think that autocratic societies are more prone to political violence? Illustrate your answer with a comparative study of a few societies.
      • Is it necessary to evolve a distinct theoretical framework for analyzing emergent politics in the developing world?
    • Characteristics and changing nature of the state in capitalist and socialist economies
      • What are the distinctive features of the post-modern state in the advanced capitalist economies? Analyse.
      • How has the development of Global Capitalism changed the nature of socialist economies and developing societies?
      • “Development in contemporary discourse has dimensions larger than just economic.” Bring out the significance of this statement.
      • Critically evaluate the nature of capitalist model of development and its usefulness and limitations for developing countries.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. State in comparative perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the state in capitalist and socialist economies, and advanced industrial and developing societies.
  5. State in comparative perspective (Evolution of State Systems)

What are the difficulties faced by a political theorist in comparing the States? (UPSC 2023, 10 Marks, )

किसी राजनीतिक सिद्धांतकार को राज्यों की तुलना करते समय किन कठिनाइयों का सामना करना पड़ता है?
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“A combination of internal pressures (Ethnic and regional forces) and external threats (EU, UN, TNC, Global market, etc.) has produced what is commonly referred to as a ‘crisis of the nation-state’. Elaborate. (UPSC 2016, 10 Marks, )

"आंतरिक दबावों (जातीय और क्षेत्रीय ताकतों) और बाहरी खतरों (ईयू, यूएन, टीएनसी, वैश्विक बाजार, आदि) के संयोजन ने वह उत्पादित किया है जिसे आमतौर पर 'राष्ट्र-राज्य का संकट' कहा जाता है। विस्तार में बताएं।
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Discuss the main factors that have contributed to the gradual transformation of the world from ‘Billiard Ball Model’ to ‘Cobweb Model’. (UPSC 2014, 15 Marks, )

'बिलियर्ड बॉल मॉडल' से 'कोबवेब मॉडल' में दुनिया के क्रमिक परिवर्तन में योगदान देने वाले मुख्य कारकों की चर्चा करें।
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‘A minimal State ensures maximum of Individual Liberty.’ Examine the concept of Minimal State. (200 words) (UPSC 2013, 15 Marks, )

'न्यूनतम राज्य अधिकतम व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता सुनिश्चित करता है।' न्यूनतम राज्य की अवधारणा का परीक्षण करें। (200 शब्द)
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Examine major principles of State centric world views. (200 words) (UPSC 2013, 20 Marks, )

राज्य केन्द्रित विश्वदृष्टि के प्रमुख सिद्धांतों का परीक्षण कीजिए। (200 शब्द)
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“Nations and States have become virtually synonymous.” Elucidate. (200 words) (UPSC 2012, 15 Marks, )

"राष्ट्र और राज्य वस्तुतः पर्यायवाची बन गए हैं।" स्पष्ट करें। (200 शब्द)
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Comment: Rethinking on sovereign state. (UPSC 2000, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: संप्रभु राज्य पर पुनर्विचार।
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“Although transnationalism is an important force in contemporary world politics, it is premature to speak of the demise of the nation-state, given the continued attachment to nationalism felt throughout the world.” In the light of this statement, discuss the role of nation-state as an actor in international relations. (UPSC 1996, 40 Marks, )

"यद्यपि अंतरराष्ट्रीयतावाद समकालीन विश्व राजनीति में एक महत्वपूर्ण शक्ति है, दुनिया भर में महसूस किए गए राष्ट्रवाद के प्रति निरंतर लगाव को देखते हुए, राष्ट्र-राज्य के पतन की बात करना जल्दबाजी होगी।” इस कथन के आलोक में अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय सम्बन्धों में एक कर्ता के रूप में राष्ट्र-राज्य की भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए।
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“The traditional principle of sovereignty which plays a central role in the foreign policies of all states, is now increasingly counteracted by the growing facts of interdependence...” Discuss. (UPSC 1995, 60 Marks, )

"संप्रभुता का पारंपरिक सिद्धांत जो सभी राज्यों की विदेश नीतियों में एक केंद्रीय भूमिका निभाता है का अब अन्योन्याश्रितता के बढ़ते तथ्यों द्वारा तेजी से प्रतिकार किया जा रहा है।" चर्चा करें।
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Nation-State is currently exposed to disintegrative tendencis from within and integrative tendencies from without. Elucidate the statement in the context of developments in Europe. (UPSC 1993, 60 Marks, )

राष्ट्र-राज्य वर्तमान में भीतर से विघटनकारी प्रवृत्ति और बाहर से एकीकृत प्रवृत्तियों के संपर्क में है। यूरोप के घटनाक्रम के संदर्भ में इस कथन की व्याख्या कीजिए।
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Despite a number of trends to the contrary, the State has been and remains the primary actor in the global system. Elucidate the statement by analysing the factors which helped create State and the reasons for the primacy of States as actors in International Relations. (UPSC 1992, 60 Marks, )

कई प्रवृत्तियों के विपरीत होने के बावजूद, राज्य वैश्विक व्यवस्था में प्राथमिक कार्यकर्ता रहा है और बना हुआ है। राज्य के निर्माण में मदद करने वाले कारकों और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संबंधों में कर्ताओं के रूप में राज्यों की प्रधानता के कारणों का विश्लेषण करके इस कथन को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
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How far has interdependence among states undermined sovereignty? (UPSC 1991, 60 Marks, )

राज्यों के बीच अन्योन्याश्रयता ने संप्रभुता को कहाँ तक कम किया है?
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