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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

    • Reptilia
      • Give an account of the origin as well as adaptive radiation of reptiles.
      • Comparison of reptilian and mammalian brain.
      • Enlist the distinctive features of various subclasses of Reptilia. Also, write the differentiating characters of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes.
      • Differentiate among anapsid, diapsid, and synapsid reptiles. Give examples.
      • Poison apparatus of cobra or viper and its mechanism of action.
      • Distinction between cobra, viper, krait, and sea snakes.
    • Write an account of the origin of reptiles. Explain the status of Sphenodon and crocodile in the animal kingdom.
    • Skull Types of Reptilia
      • “Class Reptilia is divided into five subclasses on the basis of certain openings through the skull.” Substantiate this statement with the help of five well-labelled diagrams and examples.
      • Skull types of Squamata.
      • Give an account on types of skulls in Reptilia with the help of relevant diagrams.
      • Describe the different types of skulls in Reptilia with the help of labelled diagrams.
      • Types of Reptilian skulls.
    • Status of Sphenodon
      • Evolutionary status of Sphenodon.
      • Describe the distribution, habits and habitat of Rhynchocephalia. Write a note on crocodilian and lacertilian characters of Sphenodon.
      • Discuss that Sphenodon is the most primitive and Crocodile is the most advanced of all living reptilians.
      • Status of Sphenodon.
      • Sphenodon is considered to be a living fossil Justify.
      • ‘Sphenodon is the most primitive and crocodilians are most advanced of all living Reptiles’. Discuss the statement.
    • Status of Crocodiles
      • Compare the skull of Rhynchocephalia with that of Crocodilia.
      • Characteristics of Rhynchocephalia and Crocodilia.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Non-chordata and Chordata
  5. (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.
  6. Origin of Reptiles

Write an account of the origin of reptiles. Explain the status of Sphenodon and crocodile in the animal kingdom. (UPSC 2002, 60 Marks, )

सरीसृपों की उत्पत्ति का वर्णन लिखें। पशु साम्राज्य में स्फेनोडॉन और मगरमच्छ की स्थिति को समझाएं। (Write an account of the origin of reptiles. Explain the status of Sphenodon and crocodile in the animal kingdom.)
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