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  • (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.

    • Reptilia
      • Give an account of the origin as well as adaptive radiation of reptiles.
      • Comparison of reptilian and mammalian brain.
      • Enlist the distinctive features of various subclasses of Reptilia. Also, write the differentiating characters of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes.
      • Differentiate among anapsid, diapsid, and synapsid reptiles. Give examples.
      • Poison apparatus of cobra or viper and its mechanism of action.
      • Distinction between cobra, viper, krait, and sea snakes.
    • Write an account of the origin of reptiles. Explain the status of Sphenodon and crocodile in the animal kingdom.
    • Skull Types of Reptilia
      • “Class Reptilia is divided into five subclasses on the basis of certain openings through the skull.” Substantiate this statement with the help of five well-labelled diagrams and examples.
      • Skull types of Squamata.
      • Give an account on types of skulls in Reptilia with the help of relevant diagrams.
      • Describe the different types of skulls in Reptilia with the help of labelled diagrams.
      • Types of Reptilian skulls.
    • Status of Sphenodon
      • Evolutionary status of Sphenodon.
      • Describe the distribution, habits and habitat of Rhynchocephalia. Write a note on crocodilian and lacertilian characters of Sphenodon.
      • Discuss that Sphenodon is the most primitive and Crocodile is the most advanced of all living reptilians.
      • Status of Sphenodon.
      • Sphenodon is considered to be a living fossil Justify.
      • ‘Sphenodon is the most primitive and crocodilians are most advanced of all living Reptiles’. Discuss the statement.
    • Status of Crocodiles
      • Compare the skull of Rhynchocephalia with that of Crocodilia.
      • Characteristics of Rhynchocephalia and Crocodilia.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Non-chordata and Chordata
  5. (n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and crocodiles.
  6. Reptilia

Give an account of the origin as well as adaptive radiation of reptiles. (UPSC 2022, 20 Marks, )

  1. Posted by: Synopsis IAS
  2. Posted on:31 July 2025
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उद्भव के साथ-साथ सरीसृपों के अनुकूली विकिरण का वर्णन करें। (Give an account of the origin as well as adaptive radiation of reptiles.)
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