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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • (g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.

    • Vision in human
      • Structure of human eye
      • Draw a labelled diagram of crosssection of human eye and explain the mechanisms of image formation, ability to see in dark and discriminate colour. Add a note on the main defects of human eye and how they can be corrected.
      • Draw a labelled diagram of human eye and discuss the functions of each layer. Mention the role of eye pigments in visual perception under light and dark conditions.
      • Describe the structure of rods and cones in retina, and discuss their role in vision.
      • Describe the roles of three eye layers in vision in humans.
      • Describe the role of visual pigments in daylight and night vision.
      • What is binocular vision? Write the role of rods and cones in physiology of vision.
      • Describe the structure of human eye. Explain the mechanism of vision in humans.
      • Draw a suitable diagram and explain the structure of human eye.
      • Draw the structure of retina and explain the mechanism of vision in mammalian eye.
    • Hearing in human
      • Olfaction in man.
      • Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of Corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of Corti?
      • Describe with the help of a suitable diagram, the major structures in the mammalian ear involved in hearing and balance.
      • Describe with the help of a suitable diagram, the major structures in the mammalian ear involved in hearing and balance.
      • Describe the structure of human internal ear. Also, explain the mechanism of hearing and balancing.
      • Discuss the structure of inner ear and explain its mechanism in hearing.
    • Olfaction in human
      • Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of corti?
      • Olfactory pathways and physiology of olfaction.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Physiology (with special reference to mammals)
  5. (g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in human.
  6. Olfaction in human

Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of corti? (UPSC 2015, 10 Marks, )

आकृति को लेबल करें और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें: (i) भागों के नाम बताएं। (ii) आंतरिक अस्थियों के नाम बताएं। (iii) कॉक्लिया के भागों के नाम बताएं। (iv) कॉर्टी का अंग क्या है? (v) वे कौन से चरण हैं जिनके द्वारा कान के पर्दे पर ध्वनि तरंगें कॉर्टी के अंग की कोशिकाओं में आवेग उत्पन्न करती हैं? (Label the figure and answer the following questions: (i) Name the parts. (ii) Name the inner ossicles. (iii) Name the parts of cochlea. (iv) What is the organ of corti? (v) What are the steps by which sound waves at the eardrum cause impulse generation in the cells of the organ of corti?))
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Introduction
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Olfactory pathways and physiology of olfaction. (UPSC 2024, 10 Marks, )

घ्राण मार्ग और घ्राण की शरीर क्रिया विज्ञान। (Olfactory pathways and physiology of olfaction.)
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Introduction
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