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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy

    • Concept of Power
      • Linkage between Power and Hegemony.
      • Foucault's concept of power.
      • Bases of Power.
      • Examine the nature and meaning of power.
      • Critically examine Hannah Arendt’s conceptual triad of labor, work and action.
      • Explain the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy.
      • Comment in 150 words: “Nothing against the State, nothing over it, nothing beyond it.” — Mussolini
      • Discuss Hannah Arendt’s analysis of the role of ideology in modern totalitarian regimes.
      • Distinguish between Power and Authority.
      • Comment: “Power is never the property of an individual; it belongs to a group…” — Arendt
      • Comment on Hannah Arendt’s conception of the ‘political’.
      • Attempt a comparative examination of the views of Marx and Weber on ‘Power’.
      • Comment: “Power flows throughout the system like blood in the capillaries…” — Foucault
      • Comment: Politics as a power concept.
      • Discuss the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt.
      • Comment: “The power elite are those who decide national events.” — C. Wright Mills
      • Comment: Views of Lenin, Michels and Duverger on political parties.
      • Distinguish power from authority. How does reliance on authority affect power?
      • Illustrate from contemporary Indian experience the theory of circulation of elites.
      • Comment: Theory of circulation of elites.
    • Concept of Hegemony
      • "The Gramscian theory of hegemony provides many valuable insights into the nature of global power." Comment.
      • According to Gramsci, ‘hegemony is primarily based on the organization of consent.’ Comment.
      • Comment: Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony
      • Discuss Gramsci’s notion of ‘organic intellectuals’.
      • Explain, as per Gramsci, the distinction between hegemony and domination.
      • Critically examine Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony.
      • Is Gramsci a theoretician of super-structures? Give reasons in support of your answer.
    • "Political ideology is primarily concerned with the allocation and utilization of power." Comment.
    • Concept of Legitimacy
      • Legitimacy adds positive value to political authority and obligation. Discuss.
      • Tools of legitimation of the State.
      • Discuss the ‘crisis of legitimacy’ in capitalist societies. (Habermas)
      • Examine the conditions that are required for the maintenance of legitimacy in modern societies.
      • Distinguish between the concepts of legitimacy and hegemony.
      • Comment: “Laws are any necessary relations arising from the nature of a thing.” (Montesquieu)
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy
  5. Concept of Power

Linkage between Power and Hegemony. (UPSC 2024, 10 Marks, )

शक्ति तथा आधिपत्य के बीच संबंध
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Introduction
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Foucault's concept of power. (UPSC 2023, 10 Marks, )

फूको की शक्ति की अवधारणा
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Introduction
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Bases of Power. (UPSC 2022, 10 Marks, )

शक्ति के आधार
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Introduction
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Examine the nature and meaning of power. (UPSC 2020, 15 Marks, )

शक्ति की प्रकृति और अर्थ का परीक्षण करें।
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Introduction
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Critically examine Hannah Arendt’s conceptual triad of labor, work and action. (UPSC 2019, 20 Marks, )

हन्ना अरेंड्ट के श्रम, कार्य और क्रिया के वैचारिक त्रय का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।
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Introduction
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Explain the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy. (UPSC 2018, 15 Marks, )

शक्ति, अधिकार और वैधता के बीच संबंध की व्याख्या करें।
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Introduction
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Comment in 150 words: “Nothing against the State, nothing over it, nothing beyond it.” — Mussolini (UPSC 2018, 10 Marks, )

150 शब्दों में टिप्पणी करें: "राज्य के खिलाफ कुछ भी नहीं, इसके ऊपर कुछ भी नहीं, इसके आगे कुछ भी नहीं।" — मुसोलिनी
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Introduction
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Discuss Hannah Arendt’s analysis of the role of ideology in modern totalitarian regimes. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

आधुनिक अधिनायकवादी शासनों में विचारधारा की भूमिका के हन्ना अरेंड्ट के विश्लेषण पर चर्चा करें।
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Introduction
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Distinguish between Power and Authority. (UPSC 2015, 15 Marks, )

शक्ति और प्राधिकार में अंतर कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Comment: “Power is never the property of an individual; it belongs to a group…” — Arendt (UPSC 2014, 10 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: “शक्ति कभी भी किसी व्यक्ति की संपत्ति नहीं होती है; यह एक समूह से संबंधित है...” — अरेंड्ट
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Introduction
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Comment on Hannah Arendt’s conception of the ‘political’. (UPSC 2012, 12 Marks, )

हन्ना अरेंड्ट की 'राजनीतिक' की अवधारणा पर टिप्पणी करें।
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Introduction
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Attempt a comparative examination of the views of Marx and Weber on ‘Power’. (UPSC 2011, 30 Marks, )

'शक्ति' पर मार्क्स और वेबर के दृष्टिकोण की तुलनात्मक जांच करें।
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Introduction
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Comment: “Power flows throughout the system like blood in the capillaries…” — Foucault (UPSC 2010, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: "शक्ति प्रणाली में उसी प्रकार प्रवाहित होती है जैसे रक्त केशिकाओं में।" — फूको
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Introduction
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Comment: Politics as a power concept. (UPSC 2008, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: एक शक्ति अवधारणा के रूप में राजनीति
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Introduction
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Discuss the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt. (UPSC 2003, 60 Marks, )

हन्ना अरेंड्ट के राजनीतिक दर्शन की चर्चा कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Comment: “The power elite are those who decide national events.” — C. Wright Mills (UPSC 2002, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: "जहां तक राष्ट्रीय निर्णयों की बात है, शक्ति अभिजन वे हैं जो निर्णय करते हैं।" — सी. राइट मिल्स
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Introduction
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Comment: Views of Lenin, Michels and Duverger on political parties. (UPSC 1999, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: राजनीतिक दलों पर लेनिन, मिशेल और डुवरगर के विचार।
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Introduction
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Distinguish power from authority. How does reliance on authority affect power? (UPSC 1996, 60 Marks, )

सत्ता से शक्ति को पृथक करें। सत्ता पर निर्भरता शक्ति की प्रकृति को कैसे प्रभावित करती है?
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Introduction
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Illustrate from contemporary Indian experience the theory of circulation of elites. (UPSC 1995, 60 Marks, )

समकालीन भारतीय अनुभव से अभिजात वर्ग के संचलन के सिद्धांत का उदाहरण दें।
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Introduction
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Comment: Theory of circulation of elites. (UPSC 1992, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: अभिजात वर्ग के संचलन का सिद्धांत।
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Introduction
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