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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights

    • Meaning and theories
      • Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty.
      • Assess the significance of right to property in political theory.
      • Discuss the doctrine of ‘rights as trumps’.
      • Idea of Natural Rights
      • Analyse the relation between natural rights and human rights.
      • It is said where there is no law there is no liberty. Give your view on this statement.
      • Explain as to why Jeremy Bentham dismisses the theory of natural rights as ‘nonsense upon stilts.’
      • Comment: “Mill was the prophet of an empty liberty and an abstract individual”. (Barker)
      • ‘……the existence of Liberty depends upon our willingness to build the foundations of society upon the basis of rational justice and to adjust them to changing conditions in terms of reasoned discussion and not violence.’ (Harold J. Laski). Discuss.
    • Multiculturalism
      • Multicultural perspective on rights.
      • What do you understand by Multi-culturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh’s views on Multiculturalism.
      • Examine the multi-cultural perspectives on rights.
    • Different Kinds of Rights
      • Comment: “Punishment should be preventive and corrective rather than retaliatory." (Bentham)
      • Comment: “Obedience to mere impulse of appetite is slavery.” (Rousseau)
      • Comment: ‘Since liberty is a fruit that does not grow in all climates, it cannot be enjoyed by all people alike’. (Rousseau)
    • Concept of Human Rights
      • The debate on human rights is caught between the limitations of both universalism and cultural relativism. Comment.
      • Can there be universal conception of human rights? Give your arguments.
      • Human Rights are complex and contested social practice that organizes relations between individuals, society and the State. Comment.
      • What do you understand by three generations of Human Rights?
      • “The implementation of human rights is regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of States.” Comment.
      • Critically examine the cultural relativist approach to human rights.
      • Cultural Relativism
      • “Human rights are basic moral guarantees that people in all countries and cultures possess, simply because they are people.” Explain the statement.
      • Discuss the evolution of the theories of human rights from natural rights to collective and environmental rights.
      • Examine the nature and limits of the rights of Resistance and Revolution recognized in modern political theory.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights
  5. Concept of Human Rights

The debate on human rights is caught between the limitations of both universalism and cultural relativism. Comment. (UPSC 2024, 20 Marks, )

मानवाधिकारों पर बहस सार्वभौमिकता और सांस्कृतिक सापेक्षवाद दोनों की सीमाओं के बीच फँसी हुई है। टिप्पणी कीजिए।
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Can there be universal conception of human rights? Give your arguments. (UPSC 2021, 15 Marks, )

क्या मानवाधिकारों की सार्वभौमिक अवधारणा हो सकती है? अपने तर्क दीजिए।
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Human Rights are complex and contested social practice that organizes relations between individuals, society and the State. Comment. (UPSC 2022, 15 Marks, )

मानवाधिकार जटिल और विवादित सामाजिक प्रथा है जो व्यक्तियों, समाज और राज्य के बीच संबंधों को सुव्यवस्थित करता है। टिप्पणी कीजिए।
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What do you understand by three generations of Human Rights? (UPSC 2018, 20 Marks, )

मानव अधिकारों की तीन पीढ़ियों से आप क्या समझते हैं?
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“The implementation of human rights is regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of States.” Comment. (UPSC 2016, 15 Marks, )

"मानव अधिकारों के कार्यान्वयन को राज्यों के आचरण को बदलने के मामले के रूप में माना जाता है।" टिप्पणी करें।
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Critically examine the cultural relativist approach to human rights. (UPSC 2010, 30 Marks, )

मानवाधिकारों के प्रति सांस्कृतिक सापेक्षवादी दृष्टिकोण का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।
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Introduction
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Cultural Relativism (UPSC 2022, 10 Marks, )

सांस्कृतिक सापेक्षवाद
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Introduction
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“Human rights are basic moral guarantees that people in all countries and cultures possess, simply because they are people.” Explain the statement. (UPSC 2008, 60 Marks, )

"मानव अधिकार बुनियादी नैतिक गारंटी है जो सभी देशों और संस्कृतियों के लोगों के पास है, केवल इसलिए कि वे लोग हैं"। कथन की व्याख्या कीजिए।
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Discuss the evolution of the theories of human rights from natural rights to collective and environmental rights. (UPSC 2002, 60 Marks, )

मानव अधिकारों के सिद्धांतों के प्राकृतिक अधिकारों से सामूहिक और पर्यावरणीय अधिकारों के विकास की चर्चा कीजिए।
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Examine the nature and limits of the rights of Resistance and Revolution recognized in modern political theory. (UPSC 1997, 60 Marks, )

आधुनिक राजनीतिक सिद्धांत में मान्यता प्राप्त प्रतिरोध और क्रांति के अधिकारों की प्रकृति और सीमाओं का परीक्षण करें।
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Introduction
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