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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy

    • Concept of Power
      • Linkage between Power and Hegemony.
      • Foucault's concept of power.
      • Bases of Power.
      • Examine the nature and meaning of power.
      • Critically examine Hannah Arendt’s conceptual triad of labor, work and action.
      • Explain the relationship between power, authority and legitimacy.
      • Comment in 150 words: “Nothing against the State, nothing over it, nothing beyond it.” — Mussolini
      • Discuss Hannah Arendt’s analysis of the role of ideology in modern totalitarian regimes.
      • Distinguish between Power and Authority.
      • Comment: “Power is never the property of an individual; it belongs to a group…” — Arendt
      • Comment on Hannah Arendt’s conception of the ‘political’.
      • Attempt a comparative examination of the views of Marx and Weber on ‘Power’.
      • Comment: “Power flows throughout the system like blood in the capillaries…” — Foucault
      • Comment: Politics as a power concept.
      • Discuss the political philosophy of Hannah Arendt.
      • Comment: “The power elite are those who decide national events.” — C. Wright Mills
      • Comment: Views of Lenin, Michels and Duverger on political parties.
      • Distinguish power from authority. How does reliance on authority affect power?
      • Illustrate from contemporary Indian experience the theory of circulation of elites.
      • Comment: Theory of circulation of elites.
    • Concept of Hegemony
      • "The Gramscian theory of hegemony provides many valuable insights into the nature of global power." Comment.
      • According to Gramsci, ‘hegemony is primarily based on the organization of consent.’ Comment.
      • Comment: Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony
      • Discuss Gramsci’s notion of ‘organic intellectuals’.
      • Explain, as per Gramsci, the distinction between hegemony and domination.
      • Critically examine Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony.
      • Is Gramsci a theoretician of super-structures? Give reasons in support of your answer.
    • "Political ideology is primarily concerned with the allocation and utilization of power." Comment.
    • Concept of Legitimacy
      • Legitimacy adds positive value to political authority and obligation. Discuss.
      • Tools of legitimation of the State.
      • Discuss the ‘crisis of legitimacy’ in capitalist societies. (Habermas)
      • Examine the conditions that are required for the maintenance of legitimacy in modern societies.
      • Distinguish between the concepts of legitimacy and hegemony.
      • Comment: “Laws are any necessary relations arising from the nature of a thing.” (Montesquieu)
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy
  5. Concept of Hegemony

"The Gramscian theory of hegemony provides many valuable insights into the nature of global power." Comment. (UPSC 2024, 20 Marks, )

"ग्राम्शी द्वारा प्रतिपादित आधिपत्य सिद्धांत वैश्विक शक्ति की प्रकृति में कई मूल्यवान अन्तर्दृष्टि प्रदान करता है।" टिप्पणी कीजिए।
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According to Gramsci, ‘hegemony is primarily based on the organization of consent.’ Comment. (UPSC 2019, 20 Marks, )

ग्राम्शी के अनुसार, 'आधिपत्य मुख्य रूप से सहमति के संगठन पर आधारित है। टिप्पणी करें।
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Comment: Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony (UPSC 2016, 10 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: ग्राम्शी की आधिपत्य की अवधारणा
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Discuss Gramsci’s notion of ‘organic intellectuals’. (UPSC 2015, 15 Marks, )

ग्राम्शी की 'ऑर्गेनिक बुद्धिजीवियों' की धारणा पर चर्चा करें।
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Explain, as per Gramsci, the distinction between hegemony and domination. (UPSC 2013, 15 Marks, )

ग्राम्शी के अनुसार आधिपत्य और प्रभुत्व में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए।
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Critically examine Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony. (UPSC 2008, 60 Marks, )

ग्राम्शी के आधिपत्य की अवधारणा का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए।
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Is Gramsci a theoretician of super-structures? Give reasons in support of your answer. (UPSC 2004, 60 Marks, )

क्या ग्राम्शी अधिरचना के सिद्धांतकार हैं? अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में कारण दीजिए।
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