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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislative and Supreme Court

    • The Executive System in theory and practice:
    • President
      • The role of the President of India becomes more significant during a minority government and a coalition government. Explain.
      • How is the President of India elected? Outline the salient characteristics of the electoral college of the Indian President.
    • Prime Minister
      • Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) has emerged as the most powerful institution in India. Discuss.
      • Analyse the position of Prime Minister of India in a coalition regime.
      • The role of Indian Prime Ministers in the federal system was always controversial. Do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer with apt examples.
    • Council of Ministers
      • Critically examine and comment: “The principle of collective responsibility, a la the Cabinet system of government, has eroded in the context of the emergence of coalition governments in India.”
      • Comment: Minority Governments in India.
    • The Speaker represents the freedom and dignity of the House. Examine.
    • The Bureaucracy/Weber’s theory of bureaucracy
      • Analyse the arguments in favour and against the lateral entry into higher civil services in India.
      • Discuss the Right to information and underline challenges being posed before it.
      • Critically examine the role and contribution of India’s bureaucracy in nation building.
      • Comment: Concept of committed bureaucracy.
      • Comment: Corruption in Administration in India and its impact on socio-economic reconstruction.
      • Critically evaluate Weber’s ideas on Bureaucracy and highlight the significance of the Weberian model from India’s point of view.
      • The roots of India’s growing problems of governability are more political than socio-economic, that is, they are located in India’s political structure.” Discuss.
      • Comment: Representative bureaucracies
    • Legislative: Role and function of the Parliament and Parliamentary Committees:
    • Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Parliamentary Committees
      • Comment: Parliamentary Committees in India.
      • Discuss the role and limits of the Indian Parliament in checkmating political corruption, with special reference to the Bofors payoff and the Securities scams.
      • The function of a legislature is not merely making of laws. What other functions are expected of a modern legislature?
      • Legislative Council is a house without any effective powers. Comment.
    • Changing Socio-economic profile
      • Has the thrust of government tilted towards executive in contemporary Indian Politics? Give your arguments.
      • The changing socio-economic profile of our legislators does not augur well for the health of Indian democracy. Comment.
      • “Identity politics has trumped development politics in India.” Comment.
      • Comment in 150 words: Decline of Indian Parliament.
      • ‘Tradition is not always incompatible with Modernity’. Comment on the statement with reference to the modernisation trends in Indian policy.
    • Supreme Court
      • Do you agree that over the years the Supreme Court has become a forum for policy evolution? Justify your answer.
      • Examine the evolution of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India as a constitutional court.
      • Examine the role of Supreme Court as the final interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
      • How does the Supreme Court of India function as the “Guardian of the Constitution” and “protector of the rights of the citizens”?
    • Judicial Activism
      • Judicial overreach in India.
      • Whether judicial activism has undermined or strengthened Parliamentary Democracy in India? Discuss.
      • Judiciary has acquired the role of both, a legislature and an executive in recent years. Examine with suitable examples.
      • Examine the debates on the appointment procedure of judges to the higher judiciary in India.
      • Comment on judicial activism and social change. (150 words)
      • Critically examine arguments being advanced for review of the present system of appointment of judges to the higher judiciary of the country.
      • Explain the concept of judicial activism and examine its impact on the relationship between executive and judiciary in India.
      • Comment: Judicial Activism
      • Comment: The debate over judicial activism in India
      • “The recent spate of judicial activities has created problems for the operation of parliamentary democracy in India.” Discuss.
      • Comment: Judicial behaviour.
      • The role of the Indian Judiciary in recent years has been one of dynamic judicial activism. Elucidate.
    • PIL
      • Write: Public Interest Litigation and Judicial Activism.
      • Comment: Public interest litigation
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislative and Supreme Court
  5. Supreme Court

Do you agree that over the years the Supreme Court has become a forum for policy evolution? Justify your answer. (UPSC 2023, 15 Marks, )

  1. Posted by: Synopsis IAS
  2. Posted on:21 July 2025
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क्या आप सहमत हैं कि वर्षों से सर्वोच्च न्यायालय नीतियों के विकास का मंच बन गया है? अपने उत्तर को औचित्यपूर्ण ठहराइए।
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