Q 8(c). सोदाहरण समझाइए कि किस प्रकार भारत में राजनीतिक दलों ने ऐतिहासिक रूप से वंचित वर्ग को राजनीति की मुख्यधारा में लाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई है। (UPSC 2025,15 Marks,200 Words)

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भारत में राजनीतिक दल ऐतिहासिक रूप से वंचित समूहों को मुख्यधारा की राजनीतिक प्रणाली में एकीकृत करने में सहायक रहे हैं। बी.आर. अंबेडकर, भारतीय संविधान के एक प्रमुख वास्तुकार, ने हाशिए पर रहने वाले समुदायों के लिए राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्व के महत्व पर जोर दिया। भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस और बहुजन समाज पार्टी ने दलितों और अन्य पिछड़े वर्गों को ऊपर उठाने के लिए सक्रिय रूप से काम किया है। 2011 की जनगणना के अनुसार, अनुसूचित जाति और अनुसूचित जनजाति भारत की जनसंख्या का 25% से अधिक हिस्सा बनाते हैं, जो समावेशी राजनीतिक भागीदारी की आवश्यकता को उजागर करता है। (English Meaning)

 1. Reservation Policies and Political Representation
     ● Affirmative Action: Political parties have been instrumental in implementing and supporting reservation policies for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in legislative bodies. This has ensured their representation and participation in the political process.  
     ● Example: The Indian National Congress and later the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) have both supported reservation policies, which have been pivotal in bringing marginalized communities into the political fold.  

 2. Formation of Caste-Based Parties
     ● Empowerment through Identity Politics: Parties like the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) have emerged, focusing on the empowerment of Dalits and other backward communities. These parties have provided a platform for the voices of historically disadvantaged groups.  
     ● Thinker: B.R. Ambedkar emphasized the importance of political power for social transformation, which is reflected in the rise of such parties.  

 3. Inclusive Political Agendas
     ● Manifestos and Policies: Major political parties have included specific agendas in their manifestos to address the issues faced by disadvantaged groups, such as poverty alleviation, education, and healthcare.  
     ● Example: The Congress party's focus on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aimed at providing employment to rural and marginalized communities.  

 4. Grassroots Mobilization and Leadership Development
     ● Local Leadership: Political parties have encouraged the development of local leadership among disadvantaged groups, facilitating their rise in the political hierarchy.  
     ● Example: The rise of leaders like Mayawati from the BSP, who became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, showcases the impact of grassroots mobilization.  

 5. Coalition Politics and Alliances
     ● Strategic Alliances: Political parties have formed alliances with regional and caste-based parties to secure electoral victories, thereby integrating diverse groups into the mainstream political system.  
     ● Example: The BJP's alliance with the Lok Janshakti Party (LJP) in Bihar, which represents Dalit interests, highlights the role of coalition politics.  

 6. Legislative Measures and Social Justice
     ● Policy Implementation: Parties have played a role in passing and implementing legislative measures aimed at social justice, such as the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.  
     ● Quote: As per political scientist Rajni Kothari, "The Indian political system has been a vehicle for social change, integrating diverse groups into the democratic framework."  

 7. Promotion of Social Movements
     ● Support for Movements: Political parties have supported social movements that advocate for the rights of disadvantaged groups, thereby facilitating their integration into the political system.  
     ● Example: The Congress party's support for the Dalit movement in the 1980s and 1990s helped in raising awareness and addressing issues of discrimination and inequality. 

भारत में राजनीतिक दल ऐतिहासिक रूप से वंचित समूहों को मुख्यधारा की राजनीतिक प्रणाली में एकीकृत करने में सहायक रहे हैं। भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस ने बी.आर. अंबेडकर जैसे नेताओं को बढ़ावा देकर दलितों के कारण का समर्थन किया। बहुजन समाज पार्टी (बीएसपी), जिसकी स्थापना कांशीराम ने की थी, दलित सशक्तिकरण पर केंद्रित थी। भारतीय जनता पार्टी (बीजेपी) ने भी अनुसूचित जाति मोर्चा जैसी पहलों के माध्यम से हाशिए पर पड़े समुदायों को शामिल करने के प्रयास किए हैं। जैसा कि डॉ. बी.आर. अंबेडकर ने कहा था, "राजनीतिक शक्ति सभी सामाजिक प्रगति की कुंजी है।" आगे बढ़ते हुए, समावेशी नीतियां और प्रतिनिधित्व सच्चे सशक्तिकरण के लिए आवश्यक हैं। (Political parties in India have been instrumental in integrating historically disadvantaged groups into the mainstream political system. The Indian National Congress championed the cause of Dalits by promoting leaders like B.R. Ambedkar. The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), founded by Kanshi Ram, focused on Dalit empowerment. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has also made efforts to include marginalized communities through initiatives like Scheduled Caste Morcha. As Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated, "Political power is the key to all social progress." Moving forward, inclusive policies and representation are essential for true empowerment.)