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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights

    • Meaning and theories
      • Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty.
      • Assess the significance of right to property in political theory.
      • Discuss the doctrine of ‘rights as trumps’.
      • Idea of Natural Rights
      • Analyse the relation between natural rights and human rights.
      • It is said where there is no law there is no liberty. Give your view on this statement.
      • Explain as to why Jeremy Bentham dismisses the theory of natural rights as ‘nonsense upon stilts.’
      • Comment: “Mill was the prophet of an empty liberty and an abstract individual”. (Barker)
      • ‘……the existence of Liberty depends upon our willingness to build the foundations of society upon the basis of rational justice and to adjust them to changing conditions in terms of reasoned discussion and not violence.’ (Harold J. Laski). Discuss.
    • Multiculturalism
      • Multicultural perspective on rights.
      • What do you understand by Multi-culturalism? Discuss Bhikhu Parekh’s views on Multiculturalism.
      • Examine the multi-cultural perspectives on rights.
    • Different Kinds of Rights
      • Comment: “Punishment should be preventive and corrective rather than retaliatory." (Bentham)
      • Comment: “Obedience to mere impulse of appetite is slavery.” (Rousseau)
      • Comment: ‘Since liberty is a fruit that does not grow in all climates, it cannot be enjoyed by all people alike’. (Rousseau)
    • Concept of Human Rights
      • The debate on human rights is caught between the limitations of both universalism and cultural relativism. Comment.
      • Can there be universal conception of human rights? Give your arguments.
      • Human Rights are complex and contested social practice that organizes relations between individuals, society and the State. Comment.
      • What do you understand by three generations of Human Rights?
      • “The implementation of human rights is regarded as a matter of changing the conduct of States.” Comment.
      • Critically examine the cultural relativist approach to human rights.
      • Cultural Relativism
      • “Human rights are basic moral guarantees that people in all countries and cultures possess, simply because they are people.” Explain the statement.
      • Discuss the evolution of the theories of human rights from natural rights to collective and environmental rights.
      • Examine the nature and limits of the rights of Resistance and Revolution recognized in modern political theory.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; Concept of Human Rights
  5. Meaning and theories

Compare negative and positive concepts of liberty. (UPSC 2019, 15 Marks, )

स्वतंत्रता की नकारात्मक और सकारात्मक अवधारणाओं की तुलना करें।
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Assess the significance of right to property in political theory. (UPSC 2020, 15 Marks, )

राजनीतिक सिद्धांत में संपत्ति के अधिकार के महत्व का आकलन करें।
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Discuss the doctrine of ‘rights as trumps’. (UPSC 2019, 15 Marks, )

'ट्रम्प के रूप में अधिकार' के सिद्धांत की चर्चा कीजिए।
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Idea of Natural Rights (UPSC 2015, 10 Marks, )

प्राकृतिक अधिकारों का विचार
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Analyse the relation between natural rights and human rights. (UPSC 2013, 20 Marks, )

प्राकृतिक अधिकारों और मानव अधिकारों के बीच संबंध का विश्लेषण करें।
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It is said where there is no law there is no liberty. Give your view on this statement. (UPSC 2011, 30 Marks, )

कहा जाता है कि जहां कानून नहीं वहां आजादी नहीं। इस कथन पर अपने विचार दें।
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Explain as to why Jeremy Bentham dismisses the theory of natural rights as ‘nonsense upon stilts.’ (UPSC 2009, 20 Marks, )

समझाएं कि जेरेमी बेंथम ने प्राकृतिक अधिकारों के सिद्धांत को 'नॉनसेन्स अपोन स्टिल्ट्स' के रूप में खारिज क्यों किया।
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Comment: “Mill was the prophet of an empty liberty and an abstract individual”. (Barker) (UPSC 2004, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: मिल एक खोखली स्वतंत्रता और एक अमूर्त व्यक्ति के मसीहा थे। (बार्कर)
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‘……the existence of Liberty depends upon our willingness to build the foundations of society upon the basis of rational justice and to adjust them to changing conditions in terms of reasoned discussion and not violence.’ (Harold J. Laski). Discuss. (UPSC 1991, 60 Marks, )

'……..स्वतंत्रता का अस्तित्व तर्कसंगत न्याय के आधार पर समाज की नींव बनाने की हमारी इच्छा पर निर्भर करता है और तर्कपूर्ण चर्चा के संदर्भ में बदलती परिस्थितियों में उन्हें समायोजित करने के लिए लेकिन हिंसा के लिए नहीं।' (हेरोल्ड जे. लास्की)। चर्चा करें।
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