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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper With Solution

    • Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper 1 With Solution
      • Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits.
      • Theoretical significance of Purum kinship-system.
      • Osteodontokeratik culture and its makers.
      • Smell as a signal among non-human primates.
      • Culture and embodiment.
      • Discuss the Miocene hominoid remains and their significance in evolution.
      • Compare and contrast the symbolic approaches of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner to understand culture.
      • How political economy is integrated with ecological and adaptability perspectives in bio-cultural anthropology?
      • How anthropologists assess the nutritional status of a community? Discuss the significance of intersectionality of ecology, culture, and social inequality in the study of nutritional anthropology.
      • Critically examine the drawbacks in assuming culture as an 'integrated-closed' system in understanding of contemporary society.
      • Differentiate between pedigree and genealogical analyses. Discuss the history and application of these methods in anthropological studies.
      • Anthropology provides a multidimensional understanding of human beings by bridging the gap between science and humanities. Elucidate.
      • Write a note on Mousterian tool tradition, Mousterian culture and its makers.
      • Critically examine James Frazer's theory of evolutionism. Elucidate the place of religion in modernity.
      • Multispecies, Multi-sited and Critical Ethnography.
      • Evolutionary significance of menopause.
      • Fission track dating method and its applications.
      • Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution.
      • Foetal origin of adult diseases and contribution of David Barker.
      • What are genetic markers? Explain their role in the study of population genetics.
      • Discuss the types of human remains. Examine the role of human remains in forensic anthropology.
      • What is a social structure? Explain how the concepts of structure and agency have been used in anthropological analysis.
      • How the study of variation in forms of marriage led to rethinking on the concepts of social reproduction, kinship and family?
      • What are the major theories proposed in support of the origin of food production? How the change in subsistence economy brought revolution during this period?
      • Critically discuss the centrality of the African continent in the narrative of human evolution.
      • How the theories of postmodernism are relevant in promoting social justice and empowerment of marginalised communities?
      • 'Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding of health and disease.' Discuss.
      • Examine the utility of human remains in forensic analysis. Discuss the facial reconstruction technique.
    • Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper 2 With Solution
      • ‘Soanian cultural’ tradition.
      • Caste domination, factionalism and political power.
      • Regionalism and Autonomy.
      • Verrier Elwin's philosophy with respect to Arunachal Pradesh.
      • Characteristics and communication between Little and Great Traditions.
      • Discuss the palaeoanthropological significance of Siwaliks of India giving its subdivisions, fossil primate fauna and major primate fossil localities.
      • Delineate the major features of S. S. Sarkar's classification of Indian populations. Was his classification better than Risley? Explain.
      • Evaluate the impact of Christianity on Scheduled Tribe societies of North-East India.
      • Describe the distinctive features and distribution of Upper Palaeolithic of India.
      • Examine the environmental and biocultural factors influencing the health of tribals of India.
      • Highlight the significant contributions of B. S. Guha, Irawati Karve and S. R. K. Chopra to Indian Anthropology.
      • What are the different types of caste mobility in India? Highlight the various factors responsible for it.
      • Elucidate the role of demographic and social factors for population growth in India.
      • Critically examine the concept of Scheduled Tribe (ST) and mention the limitations of administrator's criteria.
      • Impact of urbanization and industrialization on tribal communities of India.
      • Taxonomic status of Ramapithecus in the light of Ramapithecus-Sivapithecus controversy.
      • Tribalism and Pseudotribalism.
      • Varnashrama and its contemporary relevance.
      • Lothal dockyard and international trade relations.
      • "The village was not merely a place where people lived; it had a design in which were reflected the basic values of Indian civilization." Who said this? Elaborate.
      • Discuss the role of NGOs in the socioeconomic and political development of weaker sections and the manner in which they facilitate other stakeholders.
      • Trace the history and describe the methods of formulating the lists of OBCs, both at the State and National levels.
      • Identify the contemporary limitations in the process of tribal development. How can anthropological knowledge contribute in this process?
      • Discuss the rising ethnic conflicts in India and propose their possible remedial measures.
      • Critically evaluate the concept of Nation-State and describe its impact on indigenous societies.
      • Describe the nature of traditional socioeconomic interdependence among the Toda, Kota, Kurumba and Irula tribes of Nilgiri Hills. Highlight the changes occurring in these interrelationships.
      • Define minority. Elaborate the patterns of linguistic and religious minorities in India.
      • What are the identifying criteria for PVTGs in India? Examine their current status, nomenclature and distribution.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Anthropology Optional
  4. Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper With Solution
  5. Anthropology Optional 2025 Paper 1 With Solution

Q 1(a). Mendelian and non-Mendelian traits. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

मंडलीय तथा गैर-मंडलीय तत्त्व
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Introduction
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Q 1(b). Theoretical significance of Purum kinship-system. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

पुरुम नातेदारी प्रणाली का सैद्धान्तिक महत्त्व
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Introduction
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Q 1(c). Osteodontokeratik culture and its makers. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

अस्थिदंतशृंग संस्कृति और इसके निर्माता
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Introduction
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Q 1(d). Smell as a signal among non-human primates. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

गैर-मानव प्राइमेट्स में संकेतक रूप में गंध।
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Introduction
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Q 1(e). Culture and embodiment. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

संस्कृति तथा अवतारणा
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Introduction
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Q 2(a). Discuss the Miocene hominoid remains and their significance in evolution. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

उ‌द्विकास में मध्य नूतन कालीन होमोनोइड अवशेषों तथा उनके महत्त्व की विवेचना कीजिए
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Introduction
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Q 2(b). Compare and contrast the symbolic approaches of Clifford Geertz and Victor Turner to understand culture. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

संस्कृति को समझने में क्लीफोर्ड गर्टज़ तथा विक्टर टर्नर के प्रतिकात्मक दृष्टिकोणों की तुलना तथा भेद स्पष्ट कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 2(c). How political economy is integrated with ecological and adaptability perspectives in bio-cultural anthropology? (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

जैव-सांस्कृतिक नृविज्ञान में राजनीतिक अर्थव्यवस्था को पारिस्थितिकी एवं अनुकूलनशीलता से कैसे एकीकृत किया जाता है?
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Introduction
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Q 3(a). How anthropologists assess the nutritional status of a community? Discuss the significance of intersectionality of ecology, culture, and social inequality in the study of nutritional anthropology. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

मानवशास्त्री किसी समुदाय की पोषण स्थिति का मूल्यांकन कैसे करते हैं? पोषण मानव विज्ञान के अध्ययन में पारिस्थितिकी, संस्कृति तथा सामाजिक असमानता की प्रतिच्छेदनीयता के महत्त्व की विवेचना कीजिए
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Introduction
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Q 3(b). Critically examine the drawbacks in assuming culture as an 'integrated-closed' system in understanding of contemporary society. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

समकालीन समाज को समझने में संस्कृति को एक 'एकीकृत बंद' प्रणाली के रूप में मानने की कमियों की समालोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 3(c). Differentiate between pedigree and genealogical analyses. Discuss the history and application of these methods in anthropological studies. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

पेडीग्री तथा जीनिआलाजी विश्लेषणों के बीच अन्तर स्पष्ट कीजिए। इनके इतिहास तथा मानवशास्त्रीय अध्ययनों में इनकी उपयोगिता की विवेचना कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 4(a). Anthropology provides a multidimensional understanding of human beings by bridging the gap between science and humanities. Elucidate. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

विज्ञान तथा मानविकी की बीच की दूरी को पाटकर मानवविज्ञान मानव अध्ययन को बहुआयामी समझ प्रदान करता है। स्पष्ट कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Q 4(b). Write a note on Mousterian tool tradition, Mousterian culture and its makers. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

मुस्तारी औजार परम्परा, मुस्तारी संस्कृति तथा इसके निर्माताओं पर टिप्पणी लिखिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 4(c). Critically examine James Frazer's theory of evolutionism. Elucidate the place of religion in modernity. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

जेम्स फ्रेज़र के उद्विकास के सिद्धान्त का समालोचनात्मक परीक्षण कीजिए। आधुनिकता में धर्म के स्थान को स्पष्ट कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 5(a). Multispecies, Multi-sited and Critical Ethnography. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

बहुजातीय, बहुस्थानीय तथा आलोचनात्मक नृजाति वर्णन ।
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Introduction
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Q 5(b). Evolutionary significance of menopause. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

रजोनिवृत्ति का उद्विकासीय महत्त्व ।
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Introduction
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Q 5(c). Fission track dating method and its applications. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

विखंडन ट्रैक कालनिर्धारण प्रविधि एवं इसकी उपयोगिता ।
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Introduction
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Q 5(d). Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

सूत्रकणिकीय डीएनए तथा मानव उद्विकास ।
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Introduction
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Q 5(e). Foetal origin of adult diseases and contribution of David Barker. (UPSC 2025, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

वयस्क रोगों की भ्रूण उत्पत्ति तथा डेविड बार्कर का योगदान ।
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Introduction
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Q 6(a). What are genetic markers? Explain their role in the study of population genetics. (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

आनुवंशिक मार्कर क्या होते हैं? जनसंख्या आनुवंशिकी के अध्ययन में इनकी भूमिका की व्याख्या कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Q 6(b). Discuss the types of human remains. Examine the role of human remains in forensic anthropology. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

मानव अवशेषों के प्रकारों की विवेचना कीजिए। फोरेंसिक नृविज्ञान में मानव अवशेषों की भूमिका का परीक्षण कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Q 6(c). What is a social structure? Explain how the concepts of structure and agency have been used in anthropological analysis. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

सामाजिक संरचना क्या है? मानवशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण में संरचना और अभिकरण की अवधारणाओं का किस प्रकार उपयोग किया गया है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
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Introduction
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Q 7(a). How the study of variation in forms of marriage led to rethinking on the concepts of social reproduction, kinship and family? (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

विवाह के रूपों में भिन्नता के अध्ययन ने सामाजिक प्रजनन, नातेदारी तथा परिवार की अवधारणा को कैसे प्रेरित किया ?
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Introduction
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Q 7(b). What are the major theories proposed in support of the origin of food production? How the change in subsistence economy brought revolution during this period? (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

खाद्य उत्पादन की उत्पत्ति के समर्थन में प्रस्तावित प्रमुख सिद्धान्त क्या हैं ? इस अवधि के दौरान निर्वाह अर्थव्यवस्था में परिवर्तन ने किस प्रकार क्रान्ति ला दी थी ?
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Introduction
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Q 7(c). Critically discuss the centrality of the African continent in the narrative of human evolution. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

मानव उद्विकास की गाथा में अफ्रीकी महाद्वीप की केंद्रियता की आलोचनात्मक विवेचना कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 8(a). How the theories of postmodernism are relevant in promoting social justice and empowerment of marginalised communities? (UPSC 2025, 20 Marks, 250 Words)

उत्तर आधुनिकता के सिद्धान्त सामाजिक न्याय को बढ़ावा देने और हाशिये पर खड़े समुदायों के सशक्तिकरण में कैसे प्रासंगिक हैं ?
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Introduction
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Q 8(b). 'Genome-wide Disease Association Studies (GWAS) advanced our understanding of health and disease.' Discuss. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

'जीनोम-व्यापी रोग संबंध अध्ययन (GWAS) स्वास्थ्य एवं रोगों पर हमारी समझ विकसित करते हैं।' विवेचना कीजिए ।
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Introduction
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Q 8(c). Examine the utility of human remains in forensic analysis. Discuss the facial reconstruction technique. (UPSC 2025, 15 Marks, 200 Words)

फोरेंसिक विश्लेषण में मानव अवशेषों की उपयोगिता का परीक्षण कीजिए । चेहरा पुनर्निर्माण तकनीकी की विवेचना कीजिए ।
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