●  Biochar is a charcoal-like substance made by burning organic material from agricultural and forestry wastes (also called biomass) in a controlled process called pyrolysis.

●  The extremely porous nature of biochar is found to be effective at retaining both water and water-soluble nutrients.

●  Its presence in the earth can improve water quality, increase soil fertility, raise agricultural productivity, and reduce pressure on old-growth forests.

•   During the production of biochar, the pyrolysis gases are considered as an energy source and help to reduce dependency on fossil fuels.

•   Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers.

•   It often incorporates controlled-environment agriculture.

•   It aims to optimize plant growth, and soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and aeroponics.

•   The modern concept of vertical farming was proposed in 1999 by Dickson Despommier.

•   Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are microorganisms ( not visible in naked eyes) that are mainly prokaryotic.

•   These Nitrogen-fixing microbes could be free-living or symbiotic.

•   The enzyme, nitrogenase, which is capable of nitrogen reduction is present in Nitrogen-fixing bacterias.

•   Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria have symbiotic relationships with plant groups, especially legumes.

•   Looser non-symbiotic relationships between diazotrophs and plants are often referred to as associative, as seen in nitrogen fixation on rice roots.

•   Nitrogen fixation occurs between some termites and fungi.

•   It occurs naturally in the air by means of NOx production by lightning.