•   Land Reform in India begun since British period by Permanent settlement, Ryotwari and Mahalwari System.

•   Reform further transformed for wellness of India through Abolition of Zamindari, Tenancy rights and Ceiling acts.

•   There are six main categories of land reforms in India:

o  Abolition of intermediaries (rent collectors under the pre-Independence land revenue system);

o  Tenancy regulation (to improve the contractual terms including the security of tenure);

o  A ceiling on landholdings (to redistributing surplus land to the landless);

o  Attempts to consolidate disparate landholdings;

o  encouragement of cooperative joint farming;

o  settlement and regulation of tenancy

•   The introduction of Co-operative Banks in India dates back to the early 20th century.

•   The Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 1904, was the first step taken for the co-operative society, which  accelerated with the introduction of the Cooperative Societies Act of 1912.

•   In post-independent India, Central Committee for Cooperative Training (1953) was set up by RBI for establishing co-operative training centres.

•   To solve the issue of the financial crisis in the rural areas, Rural Credit Survey Committee was set up 1954.

•   This co-operative movement spread through the banking sector as well and by 1950s, Co-operative Banks had started extending their reach to the public in both rural and urban areas.

•   The first bank in India to be nationalized was the Reserve Bank of India which happened in January 1949. Further, 14 other banks were nationalized in July 1969.

•   Bank of India, PNB, and many others were part of this nationalization.

•   While the next phase of nationalization saw 6 other commercial banks were nationalized in 1980.

•   These included Vijaya bank, a new bank of India, Corporation Bank, and others.

•   The Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP) was launched by the Government of India during 1978 and implemented in 1980 and continued till 1999.

•   The program's goal is to give disadvantaged people work possibilities as well as chances to enhance their skill sets in order to better their living situations.

•   IRDP was designed primarily as an anti-poverty initiative.

•   The Panchayat Samitis was in charge of implementing the scheme.