•   The occupational structure of any country is defined by the segment of a country’s population that is engaged in economic ventures and various professions.

• The introduction of industrialisation after 1947 changed the occupational structure greatly.
• The previous alignment to the agricultural sector altered and many people who were previously working in primary occupations shifted their focus to secondary and tertiary sectors.
• The Indian government paid much attention to planning and transferred a part of the workforce to industries.
• After the introduction of planning in India, attempt was made by the planning to accelerate the process of industrialisation and also to change the occupational structure by transferring a section of working force from agriculture to secondary and tertiary sectors.

o  Through increasing the agricultural productivity through adoption of modern technology for meeting food and raw material requirements of the developing economy.

o  Reduce the dependence on agriculture by generating alternative employment opportunities in the rural areas.

o  All these technological changes in agriculture along-with land reforms measures were introduced in India in order to increase agricultural production and productivity and to transfer surplus labour force from agricultural sector to secondary and tertiary sector.

However Despite various efforts people employed in agriculture sector of India remains high.

Although both secondary and tertiary sector expanded and their absorption capacity also increased substantially but the rate of increase in employment opportunities fell far short of rate of increase in the labour force because-

• No significant increase in agricultural productivity
• Development of village industries could not make much headway in engaging the surplus population from the agricultural sector.
• Resulting widespread disguised unemployment in rural areas.
• Our economic planners are not emphasizing development of small scale industries in their plan strategies.

•   These are the industry that required great investments of money for machinery and infrastructure to make a profit.

•   Examples include automobile manufacturing, oil production, and refining, steel production, telecommunications etc.

•   Capital intensive industry replaces labor-intensive production, which relied on the hiring of more workers.

•   Capital-intensive industries need a high volume of production to provide an adequate return on investment.