●  In the 15th and 16th centuries, during the Columbian Exchange: numerous plants, animals, and microbes from old world (Europe, Asia, and Africa) were introduced to the new world (Americas) and vice versa.

●  Cocoa was originally from Central and South America, associated with Aztec civilization. Spanish brought it to Europe.

●  Tobacco, cocoa, and rubber were originally domesticated or cultivated in the 'New World' (America) and introduced into the 'Old World’ (Asia and Africa).

●  Cotton and Wheat are being cultivated in India since very ancient times.

●  People of Mehrgarh (Baluchistan, Pakistan) cultivated Cotton during Neolithic age.

●  Wheat was cultivated by people of Harappan civilization and Vedic Aryans.

•   Tobacco is a plant in the Nicotiana genus, and it is used to make various products.

•   The main commercial crop is N. tabacum, but N. rustica is also used in some countries.

•   Dried tobacco leaves are commonly used for smoking in cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and shishas.

•   Tobacco can also be consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus.

•   Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive stimulant, as well as harmala alkaloids.

•   Tobacco use is a major cause or risk factor for deadly diseases, including those affecting the heart, liver, lungs, and various cancers.

•   The World Health Organization has identified tobacco use as the leading preventable cause of death worldwide.

•   The cocoa bean is the seed of the cacao tree, used to extract cocoa solids and cocoa butter.

•   The cacao tree was domesticated in North America and introduced to Central America by the Olmecs.

•   West Africa is the largest producer of cocoa, with three main varieties of cocoa plant.

•   Ivory Coast is the leading producer of cocoa beans, followed by Ghana and Indonesia.

•   Cocoa beans, cocoa butter, and cocoa powder are traded on futures markets in London and New York.

•   Sustainable cocoa production initiatives exist, but deforestation is still a concern.

•   Cocoa production contributes significantly to economies like Nigeria.

•   Around 300 to 600 cocoa beans are processed to produce 1 kilogram of chocolate.

•   Cocoa beans are roasted, cracked, and deshelled to produce nibs, which are ground into chocolate liquor or cocoa paste.

•   Chocolate is made by adding cocoa butter, sugar, and sometimes vanilla and lecithin to the chocolate liquor.

•   Dutch process cocoa can be produced by treating cocoa with an alkali.

•   Cocoa contains phytochemicals like flavanols, procyanidins, and other flavonoids, which may have health benefits.

•   Cocoa beans also contain theobromine and a small amount of caffeine.

Explained in 1981, 2004.