● Maritime Zones: Defined under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).  
  ● Territorial Sea: Extends up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline; sovereign rights of the coastal state.  
  ● Contiguous Zone: Extends up to 24 nautical miles; limited control for customs, immigration, and sanitation laws.  
  ● Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): Extends up to 200 nautical miles; rights to explore and exploit marine resources.  
  ● Continental Shelf: Can extend beyond 200 nautical miles; rights to exploit seabed resources.  
  ● High Seas: Areas beyond national jurisdiction; governed by international law.  
  ● Baseline: Normally the low-water line along the coast.  
  ● Innocent Passage: Right of ships to pass through territorial waters without engaging in activities against the coastal state.  
  ● Archipelagic States: Special provisions for states like Indonesia and Philippines.  
  ● International Seabed Authority: Manages mineral-related activities in the international seabed area.  
  ● Straits Used for International Navigation: Special regime for straits like Strait of Hormuz.