1. Correct Answer: Option A: The Portuguese captured Goa in 1499.
 2. Explain the logic:
     ● Option A: The statement is incorrect. The Portuguese, led by Afonso de Albuquerque, captured Goa in 1510, not 1499. This marks the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in India.  
     ● Option B: This statement is correct. The English East India Company established its first factory in South India at Masulipatnam in 1611.  
     ● Option C: This statement is correct. The English Company opened its first factory in Orissa in 1633, marking their presence in Eastern India.  
     ● Option D: This statement is correct. Under Dupleix's leadership, the French captured Madras in 1746 during the First Carnatic War.