•   Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source.

•   The broad meaning of the term, such as in the history of technology, economic history, and economic development, usually applies to a region or national economy.

•   Broadly speaking, electrification was the build-out of the electricity generation and electric power distribution systems that occurred in Britain, the United States, and other now-developed countries from the mid-1880s until around 1950 and is still in progress in rural areas in some developing countries.

•   This included the transition in manufacturing from line shaft and belt drive using steam engines and water power to electric motors.

•   The benefits of electrification start with sustainability and greenhouse gas reduction.

•   Replacing electricity generated by fossil fuels with power generated by renewable sources, coupled with the electrification of final uses, reduces pollution.

•   The European Union has increased its climate ambitions for 2030, aiming for an at least a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to 1990, in order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

•   In this scenario, according to EU figures, the share of electricity in final energy use in the EU27 is predicted to grow from 23% to 30-31% by 2030 and to between 47% to 60% by 2050.

•   Plasterwork is construction or ornamentation done with plaster, such as a layer of plaster on an interior or exterior wall structure, or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.

•   This is also sometimes called pargeting. The process of creating plasterwork, called plastering or rendering, has been used in building construction for centuries. For the art history of three-dimensional plaster, see stucco.

•   The earliest plasters known to us were lime-based. Around 7500 BC, the people of 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan used lime mixed with unheated crushed limestone to make plaster which was used on a large scale for covering walls, floors, and hearths in their houses.

•   Often, walls and floors were decorated with red, finger-painted patterns and designs. In ancient India and China, renders in clay and gypsum plasters were used to produce a smooth surface over rough stone or mud brick walls, while in early Egyptian tombs, walls were coated with lime and gypsum plaster and the finished surface was often painted or decorated.

•   Requirements of Good Plaster

o  It should adhere to the background and should remain adhered during all climatic changes.

o  It should be cheap and economical.

o  It should be hard and durable.

o  It should be possible to apply it during all weather conditions.

o  It should effectively check the entry or penetration of moisture from the surfaces.

o  It should possess good workability

•   Whitewash, or calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or chalk calcium carbonate, (CaCO3), sometimes known as "whiting".

•   Various other additives are sometimes used.

•   Whitewash cures through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to form calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, a type of reaction generally known as carbonation or by the more specific term, carbonatation.

•   It is usually applied to exteriors, or interiors of rural dairies because of its mildly antibacterial properties.

•   Whitewash can be tinted for decorative use and is sometimes painted inside structures such as the hallways of apartment buildings.

•   A small amount can rub off onto clothing. In Britain and Ireland, whitewash was used historically in interiors and exteriors of workers' cottages and still retains something of this association with rural poverty.