Q 5(d). 2019 के पश्चात् जम्मू और काश्मीर में बदलते राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को प्रभावित करने वाले प्रमुख कारकों को रेखांकित कीजिए । (UPSC 2025,10 Marks,150 Words)

EN ह

जम्मू और कश्मीर का राजनीतिक परिदृश्य 2019 के बाद महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन से गुजरा है, मुख्य रूप से भारतीय सरकार द्वारा अनुच्छेद 370 के निरसन के कारण, जिसने क्षेत्र की विशेष स्थिति को रद्द कर दिया। राजनीतिक विश्लेषक प्रताप भानु मेहता के अनुसार, इस कदम का उद्देश्य क्षेत्र को भारत के साथ अधिक निकटता से एकीकृत करना था, लेकिन इससे तनाव बढ़ गया है और स्थानीय राजनीतिक गतिशीलता का पुनर्गठन हुआ है। दो केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में पुनर्गठन ने शासन और प्रशासनिक ढांचे को और बदल दिया है। (The political landscape of Jammu and Kashmir has undergone significant transformation post-2019, primarily due to the abrogation of Article 370 by the Indian government, which revoked the region's special status. This move, as noted by political analyst Pratap Bhanu Mehta, aimed to integrate the region more closely with India but has led to increased tensions and a reconfiguration of local political dynamics. The reorganization into two Union Territories has further altered governance and administrative frameworks.)

Abrogation of Article 370

  ● Legal and Constitutional Changes: The abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019 marked a significant shift in Jammu and Kashmir's political landscape. This move revoked the region's special status, integrating it more closely with the rest of India. The change aimed to bring uniformity in laws and governance, but it also sparked debates on federalism and autonomy. As Home Minister Amit Shah stated, the decision was intended to "end the cycle of violence and terrorism."  

 Reorganization into Union Territories

  ● Administrative Restructuring: The bifurcation of the state into two Union Territories—Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh—altered the administrative framework. This restructuring aimed to enhance governance and development by bringing the region under direct central control. However, it also led to concerns about the dilution of local political power and identity.  

 Security and Militancy

  ● Increased Security Measures: Post-2019, there has been a heightened focus on security, with increased deployment of forces and surveillance. The government argues this is necessary to curb militancy and ensure peace. However, critics argue that such measures have led to human rights concerns and alienation among locals. The region has seen a mix of reduced large-scale violence but persistent low-intensity conflicts.  

 Political Representation and Elections

  ● Delayed Political Processes: The political landscape has been marked by delays in holding elections for the legislative assembly. This has led to a vacuum in local political representation, with governance primarily managed by the central government-appointed administrators. The absence of elected representatives has fueled demands for restoring democratic processes.  

 Economic Development Initiatives

  ● Focus on Development: The central government has launched various initiatives to boost economic development, such as infrastructure projects and investment summits. These efforts aim to create jobs and improve living standards, thereby addressing some root causes of unrest. However, the impact has been mixed, with challenges in implementation and local skepticism.  

 Social and Cultural Dynamics

  ● Identity and Integration: The changes have sparked debates on cultural identity and integration. While some view the integration as a step towards national unity, others fear the erosion of local culture and traditions. The region's unique cultural heritage remains a sensitive issue, influencing political discourse and public sentiment.  

 International Reactions and Diplomacy

  ● Global Attention and Diplomacy: The changes in Jammu and Kashmir have drawn international attention, with various countries expressing concerns over human rights and regional stability. India has engaged in diplomatic efforts to counter negative perceptions and assert its stance on the issue. The situation remains a point of contention in India-Pakistan relations, impacting regional geopolitics.  

2019 के बाद जम्मू और कश्मीर में राजनीतिक परिदृश्य को अनुच्छेद 370 के निरसन, दो केंद्र शासित प्रदेशों में विभाजन और नए निवास कानूनों की शुरुआत ने आकार दिया है। इन परिवर्तनों ने स्थानीय शासन और राजनीतिक गतिशीलता में बदलाव लाए हैं। इस क्षेत्र ने केंद्र सरकार के हस्तक्षेप में वृद्धि और इसे भारत के बाकी हिस्सों के साथ अधिक निकटता से जोड़ने के प्रयास देखे हैं। जैसा कि अरुंधति रॉय ने कहा, "अनुच्छेद 370 का विघटन एक महत्वपूर्ण क्षण है," जो क्षेत्रीय पहचान और स्वायत्तता पर गहरे प्रभाव को उजागर करता है। आगे बढ़ते हुए, संवाद को बढ़ावा देना और स्थानीय आकांक्षाओं को संबोधित करना स्थिरता के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। (English Meaning)