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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • (e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.

    • Muscles: Types
      • Write an account on various types of muscles and their functions.
      • Describe the different types of human muscles and their properties.
      • Enlist and describe the types and mechanical properties of muscle fibres.
    • Mechanism of Contraction of Skeletal Muscles
      • Describe the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and discuss the mechanism of muscular contraction.
      • Molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
      • Draw a diagram to show the arrangements of various types of contractile proteins in skeletal muscles and explain the bioenergetics of contraction.
      • Explain with diagrams the molecular mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. Discuss the role of ions and bioenergetics in muscle contraction. Attribute the cause(s) for muscle cramps.
      • Describe the ultrastructure of 'Sarcomere' and explain the process of muscle contraction.
      • Describe the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.
      • Enlist the sources of energy for muscle contraction. Describe the mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle.
      • Briefly describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
      • Illustrate actin myosin sliding mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation.
      • Explain the mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle. What do you mean by Rheobase and Chronaxie?
    • Effects of Exercise on Muscles
      • Fatigue.
      • Explain with diagrams the molecular mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. Discuss the role of ions and bioenergetics in muscle contraction. Attribute the cause(s) for muscle cramps.
      • Comment on the source of energy during muscle contraction under normal and intensive exercise conditions.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Physiology (with special reference to mammals)
  5. (e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effects of exercise on muscles.
  6. Mechanism of Contraction of Skeletal Muscles

Describe the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and discuss the mechanism of muscular contraction. (UPSC 2000, 60 Marks, )

कंकाल पेशी की अल्ट्रासंरचना का वर्णन करें और पेशीय संकुचन की प्रक्रिया पर चर्चा करें। (Describe the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle and discuss the mechanism of muscular contraction.)
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Molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction. (UPSC 2009, 20 Marks, )

कंकाल पेशी संकुचन का आणविक तंत्र। (Molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.)
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Introduction
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Draw a diagram to show the arrangements of various types of contractile proteins in skeletal muscles and explain the bioenergetics of contraction. (UPSC 2012, 20 Marks, )

कंकाल पेशियों में विभिन्न प्रकार के संकुचनशील प्रोटीनों की व्यवस्था दिखाने के लिए एक आरेख बनाएं और संकुचन की जैव-ऊर्जाविज्ञान की व्याख्या करें। (Draw a diagram to show the arrangements of various types of contractile proteins in skeletal muscles and explain the bioenergetics of contraction.)
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Explain with diagrams the molecular mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. Discuss the role of ions and bioenergetics in muscle contraction. Attribute the cause(s) for muscle cramps. (UPSC 2015, 20 Marks, )

आकृतियों के साथ कंकाल मांसपेशियों के संकुचन के आणविक तंत्र की व्याख्या करें। मांसपेशियों के संकुचन में आयनों और जैव-ऊर्जाविज्ञान की भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। मांसपेशियों में ऐंठन के कारणों को बताएं। (Explain with diagrams the molecular mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles. Discuss the role of ions and bioenergetics in muscle contraction. Attribute the cause(s) for muscle cramps.)
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Describe the ultrastructure of 'Sarcomere' and explain the process of muscle contraction. (UPSC 2017, 15 Marks, )

'सार्कोमियर' की अल्ट्रास्ट्रक्चर का वर्णन करें और मांसपेशी संकुचन की प्रक्रिया को समझाएं। (Describe the ultrastructure of 'Sarcomere' and explain the process of muscle contraction.)
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Describe the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction. (UPSC 2018, 10 Marks, )

कंकाल पेशी संकुचन के आणविक तंत्र का वर्णन करें। (Describe the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction.)
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Enlist the sources of energy for muscle contraction. Describe the mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle. (UPSC 2020, 20 Marks, )

मांसपेशियों के संकुचन के लिए ऊर्जा के स्रोतों की सूची बनाएं। कंकाल मांसपेशियों के संकुचन की प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करें। (Enlist the sources of energy for muscle contraction. Describe the mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscle.)
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Briefly describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction. (UPSC 2020, 8 Marks, )

मांसपेशी संकुचन के स्लाइडिंग फिलामेंट सिद्धांत का संक्षेप में वर्णन करें। (Briefly describe the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.)
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Illustrate actin myosin sliding mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation. (UPSC 2023, 15 Marks, )

मांसपेशियों के संकुचन और शिथिलन के एक्टिन मायोसिन स्लाइडिंग तंत्र का चित्रण करें। (Illustrate actin myosin sliding mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation.)
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Explain the mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle. What do you mean by Rheobase and Chronaxie? (UPSC 2024, 15 Marks, )

कंकाल पेशी में संकुचन की प्रक्रिया को समझाइए। रियोबेस और क्रोनैक्सी से आप क्या समझते हैं? (Explain the mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle. What do you mean by Rheobase and Chronaxie?)
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