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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • (d) Mutations and mutagenesis.

    • Mutations and mutagenesis
      • Main types of molecular mutations and their effect on phenotype.
      • What is mutation? Write a brief note on various types of point mutations.
      • Define mutation. Describe the types, causes and applications of mutations.
      • What do you understand by mutation? Discuss the role of mutation in evolution.
      • Define Mutation. Explain various physical and chemical mutagens with suitable examples.
      • Explain the types of transposons with a note on any two transposition events.
      • Chemical and radiation mutagenesis.
      • Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health.
      • Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution.
      • Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health.
      • Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution.
      • What is mutagenesis? Explain with diagrams how mutagens cause genetic changes.
      • How are evolutionary patterns and processes affected by the dual operation of mutation and natural selection? Give examples.
      • Using suitable examples of natural and induced mutations discuss their role in the evolution of species.
      • Distinguish between mutation and isolation in the process of evolution.
      • Point mutation and missense mutation.
      • Explain mutations. Discuss their origin and role in evolution.
      • Mimicry and mutation.
      • Mutagens and Carcinogens.
      • Role of mutation in evolution.
      • Inversion and Translocation of chromosomes.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. Zoology Optional
  4. Genetics
  5. (d) Mutations and mutagenesis.
  6. Mutations and mutagenesis

Main types of molecular mutations and their effect on phenotype. (UPSC 2024, 10 Marks, )

आणविक उत्परिवर्तन के मुख्य प्रकार और उनके फीनोटाइप पर प्रभाव। (Main types of molecular mutations and their effect on phenotype.)
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What is mutation? Write a brief note on various types of point mutations. (UPSC 2022, 10 Marks, )

म्यूटेशन क्या है? विभिन्न प्रकार के पॉइंट म्यूटेशन पर एक संक्षिप्त नोट लिखें। (What is mutation? Write a brief note on various types of point mutations.)
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Introduction
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Define mutation. Describe the types, causes and applications of mutations. (UPSC 2020, 20 Marks, )

म्यूटेशन को परिभाषित करें। म्यूटेशन के प्रकार, कारण और अनुप्रयोगों का वर्णन करें। (Define mutation. Describe the types, causes and applications of mutations.)
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What do you understand by mutation? Discuss the role of mutation in evolution. (UPSC 2020, )

आप उत्परिवर्तन से क्या समझते हैं? विकास में उत्परिवर्तन की भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। (What do you understand by mutation? Discuss the role of mutation in evolution.)
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Introduction
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Define Mutation. Explain various physical and chemical mutagens with suitable examples. (UPSC 2020, 15 Marks, )

म्यूटेशन को परिभाषित करें। उपयुक्त उदाहरणों के साथ विभिन्न भौतिक और रासायनिक उत्परिवर्तकों की व्याख्या करें। (Define Mutation. Explain various physical and chemical mutagens with suitable examples.)
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Explain the types of transposons with a note on any two transposition events. (UPSC 2018, 8 Marks, )

ट्रांसपोसॉन्स के प्रकारों को समझाइए और किसी दो ट्रांसपोजिशन घटनाओं पर टिप्पणी करें। (Explain the types of transposons with a note on any two transposition events.)
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Introduction
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Chemical and radiation mutagenesis. (UPSC 2017, 8 Marks, )

रासायनिक और विकिरण उत्परिवर्तन (Chemical and radiation mutagenesis)
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Introduction
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Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health. (UPSC 2016, 10 Marks, )

जीन उत्परिवर्तन के मानव स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव का वर्णन करें। (Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health.)
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Introduction
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Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

प्रजातिकरण में उत्परिवर्तन की भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। विकास में परिवर्तन की प्रक्रिया के प्रभाव पर टिप्पणी करें। (Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution.)
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Introduction
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Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health. (UPSC 2016, 10 Marks, )

जीन उत्परिवर्तन के मानव स्वास्थ्य पर प्रभाव का वर्णन करें। (Describe the impact of gene mutation on human health.)
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Introduction
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Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

प्रजातिकरण में उत्परिवर्तन की भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। विकास पर परिवर्तन की प्रक्रिया के प्रभाव पर टिप्पणी करें। (Discuss the role of mutation in speciation. Comment on the effect of the process of variation on evolution.)
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Introduction
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What is mutagenesis? Explain with diagrams how mutagens cause genetic changes. (UPSC 2015, 10 Marks, )

म्यूटाजेनेसिस क्या है? आरेखों के साथ समझाएं कि म्यूटाजेन्स कैसे आनुवंशिक परिवर्तन का कारण बनते हैं। (What is mutagenesis? Explain with diagrams how mutagens cause genetic changes.)
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Introduction
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How are evolutionary patterns and processes affected by the dual operation of mutation and natural selection? Give examples. (UPSC 2013, 15 Marks, )

उत्परिवर्तन और प्राकृतिक चयन के द्वैध संचालन से विकासवादी पैटर्न और प्रक्रियाएं कैसे प्रभावित होती हैं? उदाहरण दें। (How are evolutionary patterns and processes affected by the dual operation of mutation and natural selection? Give examples.)
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Introduction
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Using suitable examples of natural and induced mutations discuss their role in the evolution of species. (UPSC 2012, 20 Marks, )

प्राकृतिक और प्रेरित उत्परिवर्तनों के उपयुक्त उदाहरणों का उपयोग करके उनके प्रजातियों के विकास में भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। (Using suitable examples of natural and induced mutations discuss their role in the evolution of species.)
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Introduction
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Distinguish between mutation and isolation in the process of evolution. (UPSC 2009, 20 Marks, )

विकास की प्रक्रिया में उत्परिवर्तन और पृथक्करण के बीच अंतर करें। (Distinguish between mutation and isolation in the process of evolution.)
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Introduction
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Point mutation and missense mutation. (UPSC 2006, 20 Marks, )

बिंदु उत्परिवर्तन और मिसेंस उत्परिवर्तन। (Point mutation and missense mutation.)
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Introduction
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Explain mutations. Discuss their origin and role in evolution. (UPSC 2005, 60 Marks, )

म्यूटेशन की व्याख्या करें। उनके उत्पत्ति और विकास में भूमिका पर चर्चा करें। (Explain mutations. Discuss their origin and role in evolution.)
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Introduction
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Mimicry and mutation. (UPSC 2003, 20 Marks, )

मिमिक्री और उत्परिवर्तन। (Mimicry and mutation.)
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Mutagens and Carcinogens. (UPSC 2002, 20 Marks, )

म्यूटाजेन्स और कार्सिनोजेन्स। (Mutagens and Carcinogens.)
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Introduction
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Role of mutation in evolution. (UPSC 2001, 15 Marks, )

विकास में उत्परिवर्तन की भूमिका। (Role of mutation in evolution.)
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Introduction
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Inversion and Translocation of chromosomes. (UPSC 1998, )

क्रोमोसोम का उलटफेर और स्थानांतरण। (Inversion and Translocation of chromosomes.)
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Introduction
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