Ecological succession. (UPSC 2001, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार। (Ecological succession.)
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Introduction

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What is ecological succession? Describe its process in a pond or lake. (UPSC 2007, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? तालाब या झील में इसकी प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करें। (What is ecological succession? Describe its process in a pond or lake.)
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Introduction

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Describe ecological succession giving suitable examples. (UPSC 2009, 30 Marks, )

उपयुक्त उदाहरण देते हुए पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण का वर्णन करें। (Describe ecological succession giving suitable examples.)
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Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain the various steps involved in primary community succession. (UPSC 2019, 10 Marks, )

प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक अनुक्रमण के बीच अंतर करें। प्राथमिक समुदाय अनुक्रमण में शामिल विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या करें। (Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain the various steps involved in primary community succession.)
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Introduction

With suitable examples and diagrams, explain the concept of ecological succession. (UPSC 2012, 15 Marks, )

उदाहरणों और आरेखों के साथ, पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार की अवधारणा को समझाइए। (With suitable examples and diagrams, explain the concept of ecological succession.)
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Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

'पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण को परिभाषित करें। प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक अनुक्रमण के बीच अंतर करें। पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण की प्रक्रिया में शामिल विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या करें।' (Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

'पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण को परिभाषित करें। प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक अनुक्रमण के बीच अंतर करें। पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण की प्रक्रिया में शामिल विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या करें।' (Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

What is ecological succession? Give an account of the causes, types, and general process of ecological succession in nature. (UPSC 2018, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? प्रकृति में पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण के कारणों, प्रकारों और सामान्य प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करें। (What is ecological succession? Give an account of the causes, types, and general process of ecological succession in nature.)
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Introduction

What is ecological succession? Explain the causes and theories of ecological succession. (UPSC 2020, 15 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण के कारणों और सिद्धांतों की व्याख्या करें। (What is ecological succession? Explain the causes and theories of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

Ecological succession. (UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार। (Ecological succession.)
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Introduction

With suitable examples and diagrams, explain the concept of ecological succession. (UPSC 2012, 12 Marks, )

उदाहरणों और आरेखों के साथ, पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार की अवधारणा को समझाइए। (With suitable examples and diagrams, explain the concept of ecological succession.)
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Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण को परिभाषित करें। प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक अनुक्रमण के बीच अंतर करें। पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण की प्रक्रिया में शामिल विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या करें। (Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession. (UPSC 2016, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण को परिभाषित करें। प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक अनुक्रमण के बीच अंतर करें। पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण की प्रक्रिया में शामिल विभिन्न चरणों की व्याख्या करें। (Define ecological succession. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession. Explain various steps involved in the mechanism of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

What is ecological succession? Give an account of the causes, types and general process of ecological succession in nature. (UPSC 2018, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? प्रकृति में पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण के कारणों, प्रकारों और सामान्य प्रक्रिया का वर्णन करें। (What is ecological succession? Give an account of the causes, types and general process of ecological succession in nature.)
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Introduction

What is ecological succession? Explain the causes and theories of ecological succession. (UPSC 2020, 15 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण के कारणों और सिद्धांतों की व्याख्या करें। (What is ecological succession? Explain the causes and theories of ecological succession.)
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Introduction

Ecological succession. (UPSC 2021, 10 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार। (Ecological succession.)
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Introduction

State briefly what are biomes, ecotones and ecological succession. Give an account of the causes, trends and general process of ecological succession in nature. (UPSC 2013, 25 Marks, )

संक्षेप में बताएं कि बायोम, इकोटोन और पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार क्या हैं। प्रकृति में पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार के कारणों, रुझानों और सामान्य प्रक्रिया का विवरण दें। (State briefly what are biomes, ecotones and ecological succession. Give an account of the causes, trends and general process of ecological succession in nature.)
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Introduction

Ecological succession. (UPSC 2001, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार। (Ecological succession.)
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Introduction

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Describe ecological succession giving suitable examples. (UPSC 2009, 30 Marks, )

उपयुक्त उदाहरण देते हुए पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार का वर्णन करें। (Describe ecological succession giving suitable examples.)
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Introduction

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Primary and secondary ecological succession. (UPSC 1998, 20 Marks, )

प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक पारिस्थितिक उत्तराधिकार। (Primary and secondary ecological succession.)
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What is ecological succession? Explain the different types and theories of ecological succession. (UPSC 2024, 20 Marks, )

पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण क्या है? पारिस्थितिक अनुक्रमण के विभिन्न प्रकार और सिद्धांतों की व्याख्या करें। (What is ecological succession? Explain the different types and theories of ecological succession.)
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Introduction