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  • PYQs (GS & Optional)
  • Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism

    • Socialism
      • Define Socialism. Discuss the salient features of Fabian Socialism.
      • Discuss the key features of pre-Marxist socialist theory.
      • Comment on the view that socialism in the 21st century may be reborn as anti-capitalism.
      • Comment: “Socialism is a much used hat, whose original shape no one can define.” (CL E. M. Joad)
      • Analyze the post-Marxian developments in socialist thought.
    • Marxism
      • Marxism is a political theory of action demanding strict compliance with its core principles. Comment.
      • “Revolution in Permanence”
      • Examine Ambedkar’s critique of Marxism.
      • “The root of politics, according to Marx, does not lie in the state; it lies in the social conditions underlying this institution, that is, in the material conditions of life as reflected through the mode of production.” Comment.
      • “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” (Karl Marx). Comment.
      • Comment: ‘The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual problems of life.’ (Karl Marx).
    • Fascism
      • Fascism displays an ambivalent stance towards parliamentary democracy. Explain.
      • Comment: “Fascism is the destruction of liberal ideas and institutions in the interest of those who own the instruments of economic power.” (Laski)
    • Explicate the ideological components of Gandhism.
    • Feminism नारीवाद
      • Distinguish between liberal feminism and radical feminism.
      • Comment on the difference between Liberal and Radical forms of Feminism. (150 words)
      • Distinguish between liberal feminism and socialist feminism in detail.
      • Comment: ‘Personal is political’
      • Comment: “Woman has always been man’s dependent, if not his slave; the two sexes have never shared the world in equality.” (Simone de Beauvoir)
    • Comment on Post-modernism (150 words)
    • End of Ideology
      • Comment: End of Ideology debate
      • Examine the debate on the ‘End of Ideology’.
      • Define ideology. Critically examine the “End of Ideology” Debate.
  1. PYQs and Practice Questions
  2. UPSC Optionals
  3. PSIR Optional
  4. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism
  5. Marxism

Marxism is a political theory of action demanding strict compliance with its core principles. Comment. (UPSC 2024, 15 Marks, )

मार्क्सवाद एक क्रिया-आधारित राजनीतिक सिद्धांत है, जो अपने मूल सिद्धांतों के सख्त अनुपालन की माँग करता है। टिप्पणी कीजिए।
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“Revolution in Permanence” (UPSC 2022, 10 Marks, )

“स्थायी रूप से क्रांति”
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Examine Ambedkar’s critique of Marxism. (UPSC 2013, 15 Marks, )

अम्बेडकर की मार्क्सवाद की आलोचना का परीक्षण कीजिए।
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“The root of politics, according to Marx, does not lie in the state; it lies in the social conditions underlying this institution, that is, in the material conditions of life as reflected through the mode of production.” Comment. (UPSC 2005, 60 Marks, )

"मार्क्स के अनुसार राजनीति की जड़ राज्य में नहीं है; यह इस संस्था की अंतर्निहित सामाजिक परिस्थितियों में निहित है, अर्थात जीवन की भौतिक स्थितियों में, जैसा कि उत्पादन के माध्यम से परिलक्षित होता है।” टिप्पणी करें।
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“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle.” (Karl Marx). Comment. (UPSC 2003, 60 Marks, )

"अब तक के सभी मौजूदा समाज का इतिहास वर्ग संघर्ष का इतिहास है।" (काल मार्क्स)। टिप्पणी करें।
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Comment: ‘The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual problems of life.’ (Karl Marx). (UPSC 1991, 20 Marks, )

टिप्पणी करें: 'भौतिक जीवन में उत्पादन का तरीका जीवन की सामाजिक, राजनीतिक और आध्यात्मिक समस्याओं के सामान्य चरित्र को निर्धारित करता है।' (कार्ल मार्क्स)।
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